Ikaite nucleation at 35 °C challenges the use of glendonite as a paleotemperature indicator.

Glendonites have been found worldwide in marine sediments from the Neoproterozoic Era to the Quaternary Period. The precursor of glendonite, ikaite (CaCO · 6HO), is metastable and has only been observed in nature at temperatures <7 °C. Therefore, glendonites in the sedimentary record are commonly used as paleotemperature indicators.

Diagnostic accuracy of simple tools in monitoring patients with chronic hypoventilation treated with non-invasive ventilation; a prospective cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a screening test panel for nocturnal hypoventilation (NH) and other sleep related respiratory events during monitoring of patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CRF) treated with NIV.

Methods: We performed a prospective study at Oslo University Hospital. Eligible for inclusion were consecutive adults with CRF due to neuromuscular diseases or chest wall disorders treated with NIV scheduled for a follow-up visit.

Sleep related respiratory events during non-invasive ventilation of patients with chronic hypoventilation.

Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is increasingly used in the treatment of patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CRF). Residual sleep related respiratory events under NIV such as obstructive or central apnea/hypopnea (AH), or patient-ventilator asynchrony (PVA), may compromise treatment efficacy and/or comfort.

Aims Of Study: 1/to quantify the frequency and describe the types of both AH and PVA in a large group of stable patients with CRF during night-time NIV; 2/to analyze the influence of these events on overnight pulse oximetry and transcutaneous CO and 3/to assess interrater agreement in identifying and quantifying AH and PVA.

Validity of transcutaneous PCO2 in monitoring chronic hypoventilation treated with non-invasive ventilation.

Background: Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an efficient treatment for patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CRF), but requires regular monitoring to detect both diurnal and nocturnal residual hypercapnia. The present study was designed to determine 1) whether transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) is a valid tool for monitoring PaCO2 in this group of patients, and 2) if overnight instrumental drift of the PtcCO2 sensor is clinically significant.

Methods: Sixty-seven patients with CRF on long term NIV were included.

Respiratory complications associated with spinal cord injury.

Background: Respiratory complications are the most common cause of acute and long-term morbidity and mortality in patients with spinal cord injury.

Material And Methods: The article is based on a non-systematic search in PubMed and the authors' clinical experience in treatment and follow-up of respiratory complications in patients with spinal cord injury.

Results: The extent of respiratory complications is dependent on the level of spinal cord injury and the degree of motor completeness.

Allergy: a systemic disease? The HUNT and Young-HUNT study, Norway.

A systemic nature of allergic diseases has been hypothesized. As part of this discussion, we studied if adolescent allergic wheeze and increasing combinations of allergic organ involvements (lung, nose and skin) would also increase the reporting of other health problems (headache, muscle pain and abdominal pain). In addition, we studied if parental asthma was associated with adolescent clustering of allergic expressions and if parental asthma with additional health problems (headache or muscle pain) was associated with adolescent reporting allergy in combination with headache, muscle pain and abdominal pain.

Female gender is associated with higher incidence and more stable respiratory symptoms during adolescence.

Childhood asthma and wheeze is more common among boys than girls, while the opposite is found in adults. The main objective was to study the incidence and the course of wheeze and asthma during adolescence with focus on gender differences. In addition, we explored associations between lifestyle factors at baseline and wheeze at follow-up.

Adolescents with wheeze have increased risk of additional health problems. The Young-HUNT study, Norway.

Objective: To explore the hypothesis of an association between current wheeze and other health problems in adolescence and to investigate any sex differences.

Methods: N=8817 adolescents aged 13-19 years completed a self-administered questionnaire including questions on health and lifestyle in Norway (1995-1997).

Results: All subjective health problems were significantly more prevalent in current wheezers compared to non-wheezers (frequent headache: girls 18% vs.

Adolescent respiratory symptoms--girls are at risk: the Young-HUNT study, Norway.

The objective was to study sex differences in adolescence regarding prevalence of asthma and current wheeze and to explore the association between respiratory symptoms and hereditary, lifestyle and socioeconomic factors. Young-HUNT included data comprehensive questionnaire on health, disease, lifestyle and social factors from 8817 teenagers 13-19 years conducted in 1995/97 (89% response rate). Questionnaire on respiratory symptoms was based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC).