Fostering Governance and Information Partnerships for Chronic Disease Surveillance: The Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance.

Context: Electronic health records (EHRs) are an emerging chronic disease surveillance data source and facilitating this data sharing is complex.

Program: Using the experience of the Multi-State EHR-Based Network for Disease Surveillance (MENDS), this article describes implementation of a governance framework that aligns technical, statutory, and organizational requirements to facilitate EHR data sharing for chronic disease surveillance.

Implementation: MENDS governance was cocreated with data contributors and health departments representing Texas, New Orleans, Louisiana, Chicago, Washington, and Indiana through engagement from 2020 to 2022.

Comparison of 3 Devices for 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in a Nonclinical Environment Through a Randomized Trial.

Background: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends the use of 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as part of screening and diagnosis of hypertension.

Personally Identifiable Information in State Laws: Use, Release, and Collaboration at Health Departments.

Despite benefits to sharing data among public health programs, confidentiality laws are often presumed to obstruct collaboration or data sharing. We present an overview of the use and release of confidential, personally identifiable information as consistent with public health interests and identify opportunities to align data-sharing procedures with use and release provisions in state laws to improve program outcomes. In August 2013, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention staff and legal researchers from the National Nurse-Led Care Consortium conducted a review of state laws regulating state and local health departments in 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Provision of test results and posttest counseling at STD clinics in 24 health departments: U.S., 2007.

Objective: We determined the demographic and HIV test characteristics of tests conducted in CDC-funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics with provision of test results and posttest counseling.

Methods: We used CDC's HIV Counseling and Testing System data from 2007 for the 24 U.S.

Partner Referral by HIV-Infected Persons to Partner Counseling and Referral Services (PCRS) - Results from a Demonstration Project.

Objective: The objectives of this article are to determine factors associated with refusal and agreement to provide partner information, and evaluate the effectiveness of referral approaches in offering PCRS.

Methods: Index clients from 5 sites that used 3 different PCRS approaches were interviewed to obtain demographic and risk characteristics and choice of partner referral method for PCRS. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with providing partner information.

Male circumcision as an HIV prevention intervention in the U.S.: Influence of health care providers and potential for risk compensation.

Objective: The study aims to assess the acceptability of male circumcision as an HIV prevention intervention and the potential for risk compensation in the continental U.S. METHODS.

Acceptability of newborn circumcision to prevent HIV infection in the United States.

Background/purpose: To understand whether information from the African clinical trials about the partially protective effect of male circumcision against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection could influence adults to circumcise a newborn son.

Methods: Using the 2008 ConsumerStyles panel survey data, multiple regression analysis was performed to identify correlates of (1) inclination toward circumcising a newborn son and (2) being influenced to have a newborn son circumcised if it would reduce the chance of becoming HIV infected later in life.

Results: Response rate was 50.

Costs and effectiveness of partner counseling and referral services with rapid testing for HIV in Colorado and Louisiana, United States.

Objective: Health departments offer partner counseling and referral services (PCRS) to HIV-infected index patients and their partners. Point-of-care rapid HIV testing makes it possible for partners of index patients to learn their HIV serostatus in nonclinical settings.

Study Design: We assessed costs and effectiveness of PCRS with rapid HIV testing in Colorado and Louisiana (April 2004-January 2006).

Incorporating rapid HIV testing into partner counseling and referral services.

Objectives: Partner counseling and referral services (PCRS) provide a unique opportunity to decrease transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by notifying sex and drug-injection partners of HIV-infected individuals of their exposure to HIV. We incorporated rapid HIV testing into PCRS to reduce barriers associated with conventional HIV testing and identify undiagnosed HIV infection within this high-risk population.

Methods: From April 2004 through June 2006, HIV-infected people (index clients) were interviewed, and their partners were notified of their potential exposure to HIV and offered rapid HIV testing at six sites in the United States.

Willingness of men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States to be circumcised as adults to reduce the risk of HIV infection.

Background: Circumcision reduces HIV acquisition among heterosexual men in Africa, but it is unclear if circumcision may reduce HIV acquisition among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, or whether MSM would be willing to be circumcised if recommended.

Methods: We interviewed presumed-HIV negative MSM at gay pride events in 2006. We asked uncircumcised respondents about willingness to be circumcised if it were proven to reduce risk of HIV among MSM and perceived barriers to circumcision.

Patient and regimen characteristics associated with self-reported nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy (ARVT) is an important behavioral determinant of the success of ARVT. Nonadherence may lead to virological failure, and increases the risk of development of drug resistance. Understanding the prevalence of nonadherence and associated factors is important to inform secondary HIV prevention efforts.

Enrollment of racial/ethnic minorities and women with HIV in clinical research studies of HIV medicines.

Purpose: Inclusion of women and racial/ethnic minorities is a requirement for federally supported clinical research, but data on clinical research participation from women and racial/ethnic minorities with HIV are few. To describe participation in clinical research of HIV medicines among women and racial/ethnic minorities, and associated factors, we used data from a cross-sectional behavioral surveillance interview project conducted in 15 U.S.

Changes in HIV and AIDS in the United States: entering the third decade.

The epidemiology of the HIV transmission in the United States has changed considerably since the epidemic began. Our increased understanding of the virus has fostered development of new treatments to prolong life, and vaccine research has increased hope for those at risk in both developed and less developed countries. In this review, we provide information about current trends in HIV and AIDS among those in the United States most affected by the epidemic.

Changes in HIV and AIDS in the United States: Entering the Third Decade.

The epidemiology of the HIV transmission in the United States has changed considerably since the epidemic began. Our increased understanding of the virus has fostered development of new treatments to prolong life, and vaccine research has increased hope for those at risk in both developed and less developed countries. In this review, we provide information about current trends in HIV and AIDS among those in the United States most affected by the epidemic.

HIV testing and awareness of care-related services among a group of HIV-positive Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in the United States: findings from a supplemental HIV/AIDS surveillance project.

Compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) are more likely to be at an advanced stage of AIDS disease and have opportunistic infections at the time of diagnosis. However, it is not clear how these two findings are related to issues such as HIV testing and access to HIV care-related services. We examined HIV testing and awareness of care-related services among a group of HIV-positive AAPIs in the United States.

Older partners and STD prevalence among pregnant African American teens.

Background: Several recent studies have addressed the question of whether adolescent females who have sex with older partners have a greater risk of sexually transmitted disease (STD) acquisition.

Goal: The goal was to identify differences in STD prevalence and selected measures of behavioral risk between unmarried pregnant African American adolescent females reporting sex with older partners and those reporting sex with similar-age partners.

Study Design: Adolescents (n = 169) were recruited during their first prenatal visit.