Remnants of retrotransposons in human genome?

Evolution is unaimed changes in time that a genome is shaped by a collection of random mutations, recombination, integrations, and reorganizations. Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile fragments representing a major portion of most eukaryotic genomes, and are therefore considered as a key player in evolution. They are one of the main sources of genetic variability and have a large impact on genome structure and stability in eukaryotes.

Potential stress tolerance roles of barley germins and GLPs.

Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) known as germination markers are encoded by multigene families in several plant species, including barley. To date, functional analysis has revealed germins and GLPs are involved in diverse processes such as embryonic development and stress responses. The aim of this study was the analysis of barley germins and GLPs.

Expression analysis of lncRNA AK370814 involved in the barley vitamin B6 salvage pathway under salinity.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are longer than > 200 nt, perform various functions in a variety of important biological processes. The aim of this study is the investigation of relative expression levels of AK372815 putative pyridoxal reductase (PLR) gene and sense lncRNA AK370814 on four barley genotypes (Hasat, Beysehir 99, Konevi 98 and Tarm 92) in response to 150 mM salinity application during 3 days post-germination. Seeds were placed randomly in petri dishes containing (a) only HO (control), (b) 150 mM NaCl, for 72 h.

Detection of HERV-K6 and HERV-K11 transpositions in the human genome.

Mobile genetic elements classed as transposons comprise an estimated 45% of the human genome, and 8% of these elements are human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Endogenous retroviruses are retrotransposons, containing 5' and 3' long terminal repeat sequences and encoding envelope, group-specific antigen and DNA polymerase proteins. The aim of the present study was to analyse genome integration polymorphisms of HERV type K member 6 (HERV-K6) and HERV-K11 by using the retrotransposon based molecular marker technique, inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP).

Monitoring the prevalence of genetically modified maize in commercial animal feeds and food products in Turkey.

Background: EU legislation strictly controls use of genetically modified (GM) crops in food and feed products, and requires them to be labelled if the total GM content is greater than 9 g kg(-1) (for approved GM crops). We screened maize-containing food and feed products from Turkey to assess the prevalence of GM material.

Results: With this aim, 83 food and feed products - none labelled as containing GM material - were screened using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for four common GM elements (35S/NOS/bar/FMV).

Expression Analysis of and Genes in and .

Background: Identification and quantification of mycotoxins produced by species are important in controlling fungal diseases.

Objectives: Potential of zearalenone, butenolide and production was investigated in five and five isolates at molecular level.

Materials And Methods: Presence of and genes, associated with production of zearalenone, butenolide and , respectively, were confirmed by PCR.