Healthy food diversity and the risk of major chronic diseases in the EPIC-Potsdam study.

Practicing a diverse diet may reduce chronic disease risk, but clear evidence is scarce and previous diet diversity measures rarely captured diet quality. We investigated the effect of the Healthy Food Diversity (HFD)-Index on incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke among a middle-aged German population. The EPIC-Potsdam study recruited 27,548 participants from 1994 to 1998.

Joint associations of diet and physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes and hypertension: an analysis of 144,288 UK Biobank participants.

Background: Studies examining the joint associations of lifestyle exposures can reveal novel synergistic and joint effects, but no study has examined the joint association of diet and physical activity (PA) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension. The aim of this study is to examine the joint associations of PA and diet with incidence of type T2D and hypertension, as a combined outcome and separately in a large sample of UK adults.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 144,288 UK Biobank participants aged 40-69.

Association between Protein Intake and Diabetes Complications Risk Following Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The EPIC-Potsdam Study.

Our knowledge about the connection between protein intake and diabetes-related complications comes largely from studies among those already diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is a lack of information on whether changing protein intake after diabetes diagnosis affects complications risk. We aimed to explore the association between protein intake (total, animal, and plant) and vascular complications in incident T2D patients considering pre-diagnosis intake and changes in intake after diagnosis.

Joint Associations of Diet and Device-Measured Physical Activity with Mortality and Incident CVD and Cancer: A Prospective Analysis of the UK Biobank Study.

Background: We examined the joint associations of diet and device-measured intensity-specific physical activity (PA) with all-cause mortality (ACM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer incidence.

Methods: We used data from 79,988 participants from the UK Biobank, a population-based prospective cohort study. Light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), vigorous PA (VPA), and total PA (TPA) were measured using a wrist-worn accelerometer.

Modification of incident cancer risk with changes in metabolic syndrome status: A prospective cohort study in Taiwan.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the effect of altered metabolic syndrome (MetS) status on cancer risk.

Methods: From 2002 through 2008 of the Taiwan MJ cohort, there were 111,616 adults who had repeated MetS measurements performed 3.3 years apart and were followed up for cancer incidence over 11.

Body mass index and cancer risk among adults with and without cardiometabolic diseases: evidence from the EPIC and UK Biobank prospective cohort studies.

Background: Whether cancer risk associated with a higher body mass index (BMI), a surrogate measure of adiposity, differs among adults with and without cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unclear. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate separate and joint associations of BMI and CVD/T2D with the risk of cancer.

Methods: This is an individual participant data meta-analysis of two prospective cohort studies, the UK Biobank (UKB) and the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC), with a total of 577,343 adults, free of cancer, T2D, and CVD at recruitment.

Association between vegetarian diet and gouty arthritis: A retrospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: A vegetarian diet is rich in vegetables, fruits, and soy products. Although vegetarian diet is beneficial for improving the health outcomes such as body mass index, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and mortality rate, the association between a vegetarian diet and gout incidence is not well known.

Methods And Results: We linked the MJ Health Survey Data and MJ Biodata 2000 with the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and the National Registration of Death (2000-2018).

Development and validation of a comprehensive food frequency questionnaire that assesses the dietary intake related with dental health in children: A pilot study.

Background And Aims: This study aimed to develop a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that assess dietary intake related with dental health in children.

Methods: Children, two-to-nine-years old, who consulted to a paediatric dental clinic for any reason, were recruited to complete the FFQ and 24-h recall, inquired oral hygiene habits, performed oral examinations, recorded dmft(s)/DMFT(S) index, and taken anthropometric measurements. The statistical methods used for validation were Wilcoxon signed rank test, Spearman ranked correlations, weighted kappa statistic and Bland-Altman graphs were drawn.

Are associations of leisure-time physical activity with mortality attenuated by high levels of chronic ambient fine particulate matter (PM) in older adults? A prospective cohort study.

Background And Purpose: Although leisure-time physical activity (PA) has established health benefits in older adults, it is equivocal if exercising in environments with high levels of PM concentrations is equally beneficial for them. To explore the independent and joint associations of ambient PM and PA with all-cause mortality among adults aged 60 or older and to assess the modifying effect of age (60-74 years vs. 75+ years) on the joint associations.

Associations of changes in physical activity and diet with incident obesity and changes in adiposity: Longitudinal findings from the UK Biobank.

We examined the association of changes in physical activity and diet with obesity development and changes in body fat percentage, body mass index, and waist circumference. 31,344 adults without obesity at baseline (age = 56.0 ± 7.

Modification of the all-cause and cardiovascular disease related mortality risk with changes in the metabolic syndrome status: a population-based prospective cohort study in Taiwan.

Aim: To examine whether changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) status over time are associated with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease related (CVD) mortality.

Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of 544,749 individuals who participated in a self-funded comprehensive health surveillance program offered by Taiwan MJ Health Management Institution between 1998 and 2016. We included 236,216 adults who had at least two repeated MetS measures 5.

Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Food Items Preferred by Adolescents under the Influence of Television Advertisements.

Background: Food and beverage advertisements on television play a significant role in food preferences, especially among children and adolescents. This study aimed to evaluate foods and beverages advertised on television and purchased by adolescents or their families using the World Health Organization (WHO) nutrient profiling model.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Body shape phenotypes of multiple anthropometric traits and cancer risk: a multi-national cohort study.

Background: Classical anthropometric traits may fail to fully represent the relationship of weight, adiposity, and height with cancer risk. We investigated the associations of body shape phenotypes with the risk of overall and site-specific cancers.

Methods: We derived four distinct body shape phenotypes from principal component (PC) analysis on height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist (WC) and hip circumferences (HC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).

YouTube: Is It a Reliable Source of Nutrition Information on COVID-19 Pandemic?

Data on the nutrition-related misinformation about COVID-19 are limited. This study analysed the quality and accuracy of the nutrition information available on YouTube about current COVID-19 pandemic as well as assessed the content of the videos. YouTube was searched using the terms "nutrition and COVID-19" in Turkish on 1 February 2021.

Joint association of alcohol consumption and adiposity with alcohol- and obesity-related cancer in a population sample of 399,575 UK adults.

Obesity and alcohol consumption are both important modifiable risk factors for cancer. We examined the joint association of adiposity and alcohol consumption with alcohol- and obesity-related cancer incidence. This prospective cohort study included cancer-free UK Biobank participants aged 40-69 years.

Alcohol Consumption and Adiposity: A Longitudinal Analysis of 45,399 UK Biobank Participants.

The evidence on the association between alcohol consumption and adiposity is inconsistent and fragmented. We investigated the longitudinal association between alcohol consumption pattern and four different adiposity markers with repeated measures of adiposity and obesity incidence. We categorized current drinkers based on the sex-specific quartiles of their weekly alcohol consumption and the UK alcohol drinking guidelines.

Prospective Associations of Accelerometer-Assessed Physical Activity With Mortality and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults With Hypertension: The UK Biobank Study.

Background Despite the well-established capacity of physical activity to reduce blood pressure, the associations between physical activity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality in people living with hypertension are not well understood. We examine the dose-response associations of device-assessed physical activity with all-cause and CVD mortality and CVD incidence (total, stroke, and coronary heart disease) in adults with hypertension. Methods and Results This prospective study included data from 39 294 participants with hypertension in the UK Biobank study who had valid accelerometry data and for whom mortality and CVD followed-up data were available.

Alcohol intake and mortality risk of COVID-19, pneumonia, and other infectious diseases: An analysis of 437191 UK biobank participants.

This study aims to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and COVID-19, infectious diseases, and pneumonia mortality. This is a prospective analysis of 437,191 UK Biobank participants (age 56.3 years, 54% female).

Effect of severe compared with moderate energy restriction on physical activity among postmenopausal female adults with obesity: a prespecified secondary analysis of the Type of Energy Manipulation for Promoting optimum metabolic health and body composition in Obesity (TEMPO) Diet randomized controlled Trial.

Background: An under-explored strategy for increasing physical activity is the dietary treatment of obesity, but empirical evidence is lacking.

Objectives: We aimed to compare the effects of weight loss via severe as opposed to moderate energy restriction on physical activity over 36 mo.

Methods: A total of 101 postmenopausal female adults (45-65 y, BMI 30-40 kg/m2, <180 min/wk of structured exercise) were randomly assigned to either 12 mo of moderate energy restriction (25%-35% of energy requirement) with a food-based diet, or a severe intervention involving 4 mo of severe energy restriction (65%-75% of energy requirement) with a total meal replacement diet, followed by 8 mo of moderate energy restriction.

Associations of changes in physical activity and discretionary screen time with incident obesity and adiposity changes: longitudinal findings from the UK Biobank.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and discretionary screen time (DST; television and computer use during leisure) are both associated with obesity risk, but little longitudinal evidence exists on their combined influence. This study examined the independent and joint associations of changes in PA and DST with incident obesity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Methods: We analysed the data of individuals aged 40-69 years from the UK Biobank, a large-scale, population-based prospective cohort study.

Alcohol drinking in one's thirties and forties is associated with body mass index in men, but not in women: A longitudinal analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study.

Our objective was to investigate longitudinal associations between alcohol drinking and body mass index (BMI). Alcohol drinking (exposure), BMI (outcome), smoking habit, occupation, longstanding illness, and leisure time physical activity (potential confounders) were assessed at ages 30, 34, 42, and 46 in the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. Multilevel models were used to cope with the problem of correlated observations.

Diet Quality following Total Meal Replacement Compared with Food-Based Weight-Loss Diets in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity: A Secondary Analysis of the TEMPO Diet Trial.

Background: Severely energy-restricted diets that utilize meal-replacement products are the most effective dietary treatment for obesity. However, there are concerns they may fail to educate individuals on how to adopt a healthy food-based diet after weight loss.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to compare changes in diet quality following total meal replacement compared with food-based weight-loss diets.