Thermodynamically designed target-specific DNA probe as an electrochemical hybridization biosensor.

Applications of molecular techniques to elucidate identity or function using biomarkers still remain highly empirical and biosensors are no exception. In the present study, target-specific oligonucleotide probes for E. coli K12 were designed thermodynamically and applied in an electrochemical DNA biosensor setup.

Development and operation of gold and cobalt oxide nanoparticles containing polypropylene based enzymatic fuel cell for renewable fuels.

Newly synthesized gold and cobalt oxide nanoparticle embedded Polypropylene-g-Polyethylene glycol was used for a compartment-less enzymatic fuel cell. Glucose oxidase and bilirubin oxidase were selected as anodic and cathodic enzymes, respectively. Electrode fabrication and EFC operation parameters were optimized to achieve high power output.

Biological NOx removal by denitrification process in a jet-loop bioreactor: system performance and model development.

Nitrogen monoxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide referred as NOx are one of the most important air pollutants in the atmosphere. Biological NOx removal technologies have been developing to reach a cost-effective control method for upcoming stringent NOx emission standards. The BioDeNOx system was seen as a promising biological NOx control technology which is composed of two reactors, one for absorbing of NO in an aqueous Fe(II)EDTA2- solution and the other for subsequent reduction to N2 gas in a biological reactor by the denitrification process.

Amperometric nitrate biosensor based on Carbon nanotube/Polypyrrole/Nitrate reductase biofilm electrode.

This study describes the construction and characterization of an amperometric nitrate biosensor based on the Polypyrrole (PPy)/Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) film. Nitrate reductase (NR) was both entrapped into the growing PPy film and chemically immobilized via the carboxyl groups of CNTs to the CNT/PPy film electrode. The optimum amperometric response for nitrate was obtained in 0.

Newly synthesized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-3-thienylmethylmethacrylate)-based electrode designs for phenol biosensors.

A newly synthesized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-3-thienylmethylmethacrylate) [poly(GMA-co-MTM)] was designed to fabricate various HRP electrodes for detection of phenol derivatives. The results showed that the poly(GMA-co-MTM)/polypyrrole composite film microarchitecture provided a good electroactivity as a result of pyrrole and thiophene interaction, and provided chemical bonds for enzyme immobilization via the epoxy groups of poly(GMA-co-MTM). The glassy carbon-based working electrode displayed significantly higher performance for the same composite film configuration comparing to the gold-based working electrode.

Thermostable amperometric lactate biosensor with Clostridium thermocellum L-LDH for the measurement of blood lactate.

The gene for Clostridium thermocellum L-lactate dehydrogenase enzyme was cloned into pGEX-4T-2 purification vector to supply a source for a thermostable enzyme in order to produce a stable lactate biosensor working at relatively high temperatures. The purified thermostable enzyme (t-LDH) was then immobilized on a gold electrode via polymerization of polygluteraldehyde and pyrrol resulting in a conductive co-polymer. t-LDH working electrode (t-LDHE) was used for determination of lactate in CHES buffer.

Amperometric phenol biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase entrapped PVF and PPy composite film coated GC electrode.

Polyvinylferrocene (PVF) was used as a mediator for the fabrication of a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-modified electrode to detect phenol derivatives via a composite polymeric matrix of conducting polypyrrole (PPy). Through an electropolymerization process, enzyme HRP was entrapped with PPy in a three-electrode system onto a glassy carbon electrode previously covered with PVF, resulting in a composite polymeric matrix. Steady-state amperometric measurements were performed at -200 mV vs.

An amperometric biosensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotube-poly(pyrrole)-horseradish peroxidase nanobiocomposite film for determination of phenol derivatives.

An amperometric biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and carbon nanotube (CNT)/polypyrrole (PPy) nanobiocomposite film on a gold surface has been developed. The HRP was incorporated into the CNT/PPy nanocomposite matrix in one-step electropolymerization process without the aid of cross-linking agent. Amperometric response was measured as a function of concentration of phenol derivatives, at a fixed bias voltage of -50 mV.

The use of microporous divinyl benzene copolymer for yeast cell immobilization and ethanol production in packed-bed reactor.

Microporous divinyl benzene copolymer (MDBP) was used for the first time as immobilization material for Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 26602 cells in a bed reactor and ethanol production from glucose was studied as a model system. A very homogenous thick layer of yeast cells were seen from the scanning electron micrographs on the outer walls of biopolymer. The dried weight of the cells was found to be approximately 2 g per gram of cell supporting material.