Immune cells and the trajectories of depression, anxiety, and cognitive function among people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) represents a complex syndrome characterized by motor, psychiatric, and cognitive symptoms, where associations between cellular immune features and non-motor manifestations remain unknown.

Methods: In this cohort study, we enrolled 250 incident people with ALS (pwALS) assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and 226 pwALS with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, including 218 overlapping pwALS. All individuals were diagnosed between January 2015 and January 2023 in Stockholm, Sweden.

A Preclinical Investigation on the Role of IgG Antibodies against Coagulant Components in Multiple Sclerosis.

The coagulation-inflammation interplay has recently been identified as a critical risk factor in the early onset of multiple sclerosis (MS), and antibodies against coagulation components have been recognized as contributing factors to thrombotic and inflammatory signaling pathways in diseases with overlapping symptoms to MS, paving the way for further research into their effects on MS pathology. The current study aimed to enlighten the role of IgG antibodies against coagulation components by performing a preclinical study, analyzing the astrocytic activation by purified IgG antibodies derived from 15 MS patients, and assessing their possible pro-inflammatory effects using a bead-based multiplexed immunoassay system. The results were compared with those obtained following astrocyte treatment with samples from 14 age- and gender-matched healthy donors, negative for IgG antibody presence.

SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses following BNT162b2 vaccination in individuals with multiple sclerosis receiving different disease-modifying treatments.

Introduction: The study aims to evaluate the concentration of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike1 protein (S1RBD) in BNT162b2- vaccinated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) individuals receiving disease-modifying treatments (DMTs).

Methods: Serum from 126 RRMS volunteers was collected 3 months after the administration of the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine. Additional samples were analyzed after the administration of the booster dose in fingolimod- treated MS.

Genetic Markers for Thrombophilia and Cardiovascular Disease Associated with Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with an unknown etiology, although genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Recently, coagulation components have been shown to provide immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory effects in the CNS, leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The current study aimed to determine whether patients with MS exhibited an overrepresentation of polymorphisms implicated in the coagulation and whether such polymorphisms are associated with advanced disability and disease progression.

SARS CoV- 2 vaccination induces antibodies against cardiolipin.

Objective: Cases of thrombosis have been reported after administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, with controversial results relating to Oxford-AstraZeneca's ChAdOx1-S. Despite such cases being rare, they still raised concerns for their involvement in coagulopathies. Anti-cardiolipin (aCL) IgG antibodies have been linked to venous and arterial thrombosis.

Evaluation of S1RBD-Specific IgG Antibody Responses following COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Professionals in Cyprus: A Comparative Look between the Vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech and AstraZeneca.

There is an ongoing effort to report data on SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in different individuals. Ninety-seven healthcare workers were enrolled in this study (Pfizer's BNT162b2, = 52; and AstraZeneca's ChAdOx1-S, = 45) and S1RBD-specific IgG antibodies were analyzed over time. Both vaccines induced S1RBD-specific antibodies after the second dose.

Antibodies to blood coagulation components are implicated in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: The strong link between innate immunity and thrombosis/coagulation has recently been investigated in the light of antibodies directed against serine proteases of the coagulation pathway. The antibodies have been proposed as contributing factors to venous thromboembolism development and as key molecules in the initiation of signaling inflammatory pathways in neuroinflammatory diseases. Preliminary studies of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) progression characteristics with the reactivity of antibodies against coagulant components are limited.

The expression profile of virus-recognizing toll-like receptors in natural killer cells of Cypriot multiple sclerosis patients.

Objective: The exact aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains elusive, although several environmental and genetic risk factors have been implicated to varying degrees. Among the environmental risk factors, viral infections have been suggested as strong candidates contributing to MS pathology/progression. Viral recognition and control are largely tasked to the NK cells via TLR recognition and various cytotoxic and immunoregulatory functions.

Complete sequence analysis of human toll-like receptor 3 gene in natural killer cells of multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) where both environmental and genetic risk factors play a role. Among the environmental risk factors, EBV and HSV infections have been suggested as strong candidates contributing to MS pathology/progression. Viral recognition and control is largely tasked to the NK cells via TLR recognition and various cytotoxic and immunoregulatory functions.

Evaluation of Epstein-Barr virus-specific antibodies in Cypriot multiple sclerosis patients.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a strong autoimmune component. Several genetic and environmental factors have been suggested to contribute in MS. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one pathogenic candidate proposed to be involved in the onset of MS and/or induction of subsequent exacerbations.

Colectomy induces an aldosterone-mediated increase in jejunal glucose uptake in rats.

Aims: The main function of the colon is water and electrolyte absorption. Total colectomy eliminates this colonic function and may alter the absorptive capacity of the small intestine for nutrients. This study examines the effect of total colectomy on jejunal glucose absorption and investigates the potential role of aldosterone in mediating the alterations in glucose uptake post-colectomy using the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone.