Using a length-weight relationship based on wild lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) for estimation of body condition of lumpfish in salmon cages.

The use of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) as cleaner fish in Atlantic salmon aquaculture has emerged as a promising solution to combat the issue of sea lice infestation, as they have proven effective under the right conditions. The aquaculture industry, however, is facing challenges in ensuring the welfare and survival of lumpfish in salmon cages.

Considerations to Optimize Structurally Responsive Work Environments for U.S. Military Specialty Physicians.

Introduction: Recruitment, training, and retention of wartime critical specialty physicians may be stymied by discrimination and abuse. It is unclear to what extent the US combat specialty physicians witness or experience discrimination and abuse, whether they or others intervene, and if they would subsequently discourage people from entering their field.

Materials And Methods: The present study surveyed US active duty anesthesiologists, emergency medicine physicians, and orthopedic surgeons (N = 243; 21% response rate).

What is the origin of slow relaxation modes in highly viscous ionic liquids?

Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are molten salts consisting entirely of ions and have over the past decades gained increased interest due to their high potential in applications. These structurally complex systems often display multiple relaxation modes in the response functions at lower frequencies, hinting to complex underlying mechanisms. While the existence of these multimodal spectra in the shear mechanical, dielectric, and light scattering response of RTILs has been confirmed multiple times, controversy still surrounds the origin.

The ACCRAC podcast: an innovative educational tool for trainee and staff development.

The Anesthesia and Critical Care Reviews and Commentary (ACCRAC) Podcast provides stimulating lectures on a broad range of educational topics within the realms of anesthesia and critical care. Though not intended as a primary learning tool, it can be used as part of a multidisciplinary developmental approach for both trainees and staff clinicians. This short commentary provides a brief overview of its contents and describes its relevance to board preparation and career-focused continuing education.

Pressing matter: why are ionic liquids so viscous?

Room temperature ionic liquids are considered to have huge potential for practical applications such as batteries. However, their high viscosity presents a significant challenge to their use changing from niche to ubiquitous. The modelling and prediction of viscosity in ionic liquids is the subject of an ongoing debate involving two competing hypotheses: molecular and local mechanisms collective and long-range mechanisms.

Liver colour scoring index, carotenoids and lipid content assessment as a proxy for lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) health and welfare condition.

Ensuring lumpfish health and welfare in salmon farms is vital to reduce the high mortality rates reported and to guarantee a high delousing efficiency. Recent observations of farmed lumpfish livers have shown colours ranging from pale (colours 1 and 2), through bright orange (colours 3 and 4), to dark reddish-brown (colours 5 and 6), some of which may be related to welfare condition. To characterize the status of lumpfish deployed in four Faroese salmon farms, several welfare indicators were assessed: a weight-length relationship, scoring of external physical damage, and after dissection, stomach content and liver colour scoring.

Lifestyle modifications as therapy for medication refractory post-traumatic headache (PTHA) in the military population of Okinawa.

Objective: Our aim was 1) to reduce disability, as characterized by headache frequency, duration and severity in patients with post-traumatic headache (PTHA), 2) to reduce the number of medical boards and work limitations in patients with post traumatic headache, and 3) to reduce use of medical resources and clinic visits related to headache or migraine.

Background: Modifiable risk factors for PTHA include stressful life event, sleep disturbances, and medication overuse. Cognitive-behavioral strategies, biofeedback, and relaxation therapy may have an important role in treatment and preventing progression to chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTHA).

[The Mechanical Heart--HeartMate 1--Danish results].

Introduction: In 1998 the Heart Centre at the Danish National University Hospital implemented a new programme with long-term mechanical circulatory assist to patients with terminal heart failure who could not wait for a donor heart. A so-called Mechanical Heart, HeartMate 1, was to replace a failing left ventricle so that the patient could be resuscitated and await heart transplantation. The aim of the present study is to describe the results of this new treatment in Denmark.

The incidence of acute cellular rejection after lung transplantation: a comparative study of anti-thymocyte globulin and daclizumab.

Objective: This study examined the effects of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and daclizumab immunosuppressive induction therapy on the frequency and severity of acute cellular rejection in lung transplantation patients.

Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 335 lung transplantation patients from a single center in the period 1992 to 2003. Patients completed standard ATG (Merieux, 2.

The Copenhagen National Lung Transplant Group: survival after single lung, double lung, and heart-lung transplantation.

Objective: To review the 13-year clinical experience of a single center's adult lung transplantation program.

Methods: From January 1992 to December 2003, 369 lung transplantations were performed on 362 patients. Single lung transplantation was performed in 234 cases, double lung transplantation in 113 cases (comprising en-bloc double lung transplantation in 44 cases and bilateral sequential lung transplantation in 69 cases), heart-lung transplantation in 21 cases, and lobe of lung transplantation in 1 case.

Effects of high thoracic epidural analgesia on myocardial blood flow in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Background: In patients with ischemic heart disease, high thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) has been proposed to improve abnormalities of coronary function by inhibiting cardiac sympathetic tone. We evaluated the effect of TEA on myocardial blood flow in patients with ischemic heart disease.

Methods And Results: Twenty male patients with multivessel ischemic heart disease were studied.

Effects of amiodarone and thoracic epidural analgesia on atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Objective: This study was designed to assess the effects of a perioperative dosing regimen of amiodarone administration, high thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA), or a combination of the 2 regimens on atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Design And Setting: The study was prospective, controlled, and randomized and was performed in a tertiary health care center associated with a university.

Participants: One hundred sixty-three patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Long-term outcome of lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis--Danish results.

Objective: Over the last decades improvements in medical therapies have delayed the progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, lung disease is still the most common cause of premature death, and lung transplantation today is the only treatment for end-stage lung disease in patients with CF. We present a retrospective review of the outcome of CF patients transplanted in Denmark since start of the national lung transplantation programme in 1992.

Biochemical markers for brain damage after cardiac surgery -- time profile and correlation with cognitive dysfunction.

Background: Cerebral dysfunction is common after cardiac surgery and may be reflected in increasing blood concentrations of neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 beta protein. The aim of the study was to determine the optimal timing of blood sampling.

Methods: We studied 15 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Electric impedance for evaluation of body fluid balance in cardiac surgical patients.

Objective: To evaluate whether electric impedance can be used to monitor body fluid balance and fluid distribution in cardiac surgical patients.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Heart Center, Rigshospital, Copenhagen.

[Prognosis for patients admitted to intensive care units with acute renal failure requiring dialysis].

The mortality of critically ill patients who develop acute renal failure (ARF) is persistingly high. We reviewed all patients who developed ARF that required dialysis in a single intensive care unit (n = 167) during the period 1977 to 1989, in order to identify variables with possible influence on outcome. Overall mortality within hospital was 75%.

Comparison of cardiac output measurement techniques: thermodilution, Doppler, CO2-rebreathing and the direct Fick method.

Simultaneously measured cardiac output obtained by thermodilution (TD), transcutaneous suprasternal ultrasonic Doppler (DOP), CO2-rebreathing (CR) and the direct Fick method (FI) were compared in eleven healthy subjects in a supine position (SU), a sitting position (SI), and during sitting exercise at a workload of 50 W (EX). The agreements between the techniques, two by two, were expressed as the bias calculated as the averaged differences between the techniques. Precision was expressed as the standard deviation of the bias.

Preoperative infiltration of the surgical area enhances postoperative analgesia of a combined low-dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine regimen after upper abdominal surgery.

In a randomized, blinded trial we assessed the value of adding preoperative infiltration of the surgical area with bupivacaine to a low dose epidural regimen for postoperative pain treatment. Forty-nine patients scheduled for major upper abdominal surgery during combined thoracic epidural (bupivacaine + morphine) and general anaesthesia were studied. Postoperative analgesia was epidural bupivacaine 10 mg/hr-1 + morphine 0.

[Preoperative or postoperative local anesthesia. Effect on postoperative pain treatment].

A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of preincisional and postincisional wound infiltration with 1% lidocaine (40 ml) on postoperative pain. Thirty-seven patients scheduled for elective inguinal herniotomy participated. The demand for additional postoperative analgesics occurred earlier in those who received lidocaine infiltration after incision (165 min) than in those who received preincisional lidocaine (225 min), p < 0.

Epidural clonidine enhances postoperative analgesia from a combined low-dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine regimen.

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the value of adding clonidine to a low-dose epidural regimen for postoperative pain treatment was assessed. Twenty-four patients scheduled for hysterectomy during combined thoracic epidural (bupivacaine and morphine) and general anesthesia were studied. Postoperative analgesia consisted of epidural bupivacaine (5 mg/h) and morphine (0.

A comparison between preincisional and postincisional lidocaine infiltration and postoperative pain.

We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial to compare the efficacy of preincisional and postincisional wound infiltration with 1% lidocaine (40 mL) on the postoperative pain of 37 patients scheduled for elective inguinal herniotomy. The demand for additional postoperative analgesics occurred earlier in those who received lidocaine infiltration after incision (165 min) than in those who received preincisional lidocaine (225 min, P less than 0.05).

Pulmonary vasodilatation and augmentation of right ventricular function following terbutaline infusion in severe chronic pulmonary disease.

Twenty patients with a median age of 61 years and a median forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) after bronchodilating therapy of 0.55 l were studied in order to measure the effect of intravenous terbutaline on bronchial tone, cardiac function, pulmonary haemodynamics, gas exchange, and oxygen transport capacity during rest and in 10 patients during exercise. Terbutaline infusion during rest resulted in an increase in heart rate from 84 to 103 beats min-1 (P less than 0.

A prospective study of mortality associated with anaesthesia and surgery: risk indicators of mortality in hospital.

The aims of this study were to: 1) determine the incidences and causes of mortality associated with anaesthesia and surgery, 2) identify important factors associated with mortality in hospital, and 3) estimate the mortality risk associated with anaesthesia and surgery when a combination of risk factors are present. A total of 7306 anaesthetized patients undergoing abdominal, urological, gynaecological, or orthopaedic surgery were included in the study. Of these, 0.

A prospective study of risk factors and cardiopulmonary complications associated with anaesthesia and surgery: risk indicators of cardiopulmonary morbidity.

The aims of this study were: 1) to describe the frequency and type of cardiopulmonary complications, 2) to identify factors significantly associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary complications associated with anaesthesia and surgery, and 3) to estimate the total risk of cardiopulmonary complications for an anaesthetic when a combination of risk factors is present. Seven thousand three hundred and six anaesthetized patients undergoing gastrointestinal, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic surgery were included in the study; 6.3% (1:16) had one or more cardiovascular complications requiring intervention associated with anaesthesia and surgery, and 4.

Positive correlation between 'the arterial oxygen extraction tension' and mixed venous pO2 but lack of correlation between 'the oxygen compensation factor' and cardiac output in 38 patients.

pH and blood gases were measured in simultaneous samples of arterial blood from the radial artery and mixed venous blood from the pulmonary artery using an ABL300 and OSM3 (Radiometer A/S, Denmark). Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution. The patients were suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or adult respiratory distress syndrome.