Comparative Performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT4 on Rhinology Standardized Board Examination Questions.

Objective: Advances in deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI) have led to the emergence of large language models (LLM) like ChatGPT from OpenAI. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT 3.5 and GPT4 on Otolaryngology (Rhinology) Standardized Board Examination questions in comparison to Otolaryngology residents.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Readability of Otolaryngology Patient Education Materials.

Objective: The recommended readability of health education materials is at the sixth-grade level. Artificial intelligence (AI) large language models such as the newly released ChatGPT4 might facilitate the conversion of patient-education materials at scale. We sought to ascertain whether online otolaryngology education materials meet recommended reading levels and whether ChatGPT4 could rewrite these materials to the sixth-grade level.

"Repository of Cochlear Implant Information:" A Multi-Institutional REDCap Database.

Purpose: To describe the creation of a multi-center cochlear implant database as a template for future medical database design. The first clinical question examined was the association between BMI on cochlear implant surgical time and postoperative outcome.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective repository in REDCap, named the "Repository of Cochlear Implant Information" (ROCII), was created and collected de-identified data on patients who underwent cochlear implantation.

Effect of Bending of Carbon Dioxide Laser Fibers on Power Output.

Objective: The power output from carbon dioxide (CO) laser fibers has the potential to be diminished if there are any bends along its course, which may alter the effect the laser has on the target tissue. In this study, we assess how bending of CO laser flexible fiber assemblies affects the energy output measured at the end of the fiber.

Study Design: Laboratory study.

Comparing Outcomes and Billing Costs of Middle Cranial Fossa and Transmastoid Approaches for Otogenic Encephalocele and Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair.

Objective: Comparison of outcomes and billing costs of patients treated at our institution using transmastoid (TM), middle cranial fossa (MCF), and combined approaches for repair of otogenic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and encephaloceles.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort review.

Setting: Tertiary-care hospital.

Resection of Intracochlear Schwannomas With Immediate Cochlear Implantation.

Introduction: Intralabyrinthine schwannomas, including the intracochlear variety, are rare benign tumors. They can cause a number of symptoms and have the potential to grow to involve other critical structures of the inner ear and skull base. While surgical resection is feasible, there is typically permanent hearing dysfunction as a result of resection and subsequent fibrosis.

Transmastoid Repair of Otogenic Encephaloceles in Patients With Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy.

Objective: Description of a series of cases in which otogenic encephaloceles in patients requiring canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomies were repaired via a transmastoid approach.

Study Design: Case series.

Setting: Tertiary-care hospital.

Outcomes in primary and revision surgery for pediatric onset stapedial pathology.

Objectives: To analyze audiometric outcomes of surgery for pediatric onset stapedial pathology (POSP).

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single-institution database.

Revision Stapes Surgery: Hearing Symptoms and Associations With Intraoperative Findings and Outcomes.

Objective: Stapes surgery for otosclerosis occasionally requires revision due to recurrent or persistent conductive hearing loss (CHL). This study examines outcomes after revision stapes surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Is Menière's Disease a Contraindication to Stapedectomy?

Objective: Review surgical outcomes of stapedectomy for otosclerosis in patients with Menierè's disease.

Study Design: Retrospective case review.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Outcomes After Tympanic Membrane Perforation During Primary Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis.

Objective/hypothesis: Stapes surgery is occasionally complicated by an intraoperative tympanic membrane perforation (ITMP), traditionally indicating abortion of the procedure due to concerns for postoperative infection and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This work examines outcomes and complications in completed primary stapes surgeries with and without ITMP.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Outcomes in Revision Stapes Surgery.

Objectives: To compare audiometric outcomes and complication rates between primary and revision stapes surgical cases.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Large single-institution database.

Evolving Role of Non-Total Resection in Management of Acoustic Neuroma in the Gamma Knife Era.

Objective: To examine patients with residual tumor after vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection with focus on need for further therapy, including stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and revision surgery.

Study Design And Setting: Retrospective review at two tertiary otology referral centers.

Patients And Intervention: Patients undergoing primary surgery for VS from 2007 to 2017.

Bone Cement Fixation of Stapedotomy Prostheses: Long-term Outcomes in Primary and Revision Stapes Surgery.

Objectives: To describe audiologic outcomes following hydroxyapatite bone cement fixation of stapedotomy prostheses.

Methods: A retrospective case review at a tertiary neurotology referral center was performed of patients undergoing primary or revision stapedotomy between 2010 and 2017. Patients with hydroxyapatite bone cement fixation of stapes prostheses were assessed.

Hearing Outcomes and Complications in Stapes Surgery for Otosclerosis Performed Under General or Local Anesthesia.

Objective: Stapes surgery is highly successful in reducing or eliminating the audiometric air-bone gap (ABG) related to otosclerosis, and it can be performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia with sedation. Literature on the relative outcomes of these 2 modalities is lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare hearing outcomes for these 2 modalities in a large patient population.

Association Between the Duration of Hearing Loss and Hearing Outcomes in Surgery for Otosclerosis.

Introduction: Hearing loss due to otosclerosis is effectively treated with surgery. The association between duration of hearing loss and surgical outcomes is unknown.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Stapes surgery with a persistent stapedial artery.

Purpose: To review surgical outcomes of stapes surgery for otosclerosis with persistence of the stapedial artery.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case review of a tertiary neurotology referral center of patient with otosclerosis undergoing primary stapes surgery between 2010 and 2017 found to have a persistent stapedial artery. Stapedectomy was performed with or without cauterization of the stapedial artery.

Management of the Clinical and Academic Mission in an Urban Otolaryngology Department During the COVID-19 Global Crisis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the strategic changes implemented in the departmental mission to continue safe delivery of otolaryngology care and to support the broader institutional mission during the COVID-19 pandemic response.

Study Design: Retrospective assessment was performed to the response and management strategy developed to transform the clinical and academic enterprise.

Setting: Large urban tertiary care referral center.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Complications in Acoustic Neuroma Surgery.

Objectives: Elevated body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for surgical complications, but data in acoustic neuroma surgery are conflicting and limited to small single-institution studies. This work evaluates associations between BMI and complications in surgery for acoustic neuroma (AN).

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Natural History of Facial Weakness Following Surgery of the Cerebellopontine Angle: A Tertiary Care Cohort.

Objective: Facial function is a key outcome in surgery of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). This study describes the natural history of facial weakness after CPA surgery.

Study Design And Setting: Retrospective study of two tertiary centers.

A comparison of benign positional vertigo and stroke patients presenting to the emergency department with vertigo or dizziness.

Purpose: To compare imaging utilization between patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with vertigo and dizziness (VDS) who are diagnosed with stroke and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).

Methods: All patients presenting to the ED with VDS (January 2014-June 2018) were identified. Those with a discharge diagnosis of stroke and BPPV were analyzed.

HIV, Tuberculosis, and Otogenic Intracranial Sepsis: A Devastating Disease With a Subtle Presentation.

Objectives: To undertake a large-scale review of otogenic intracranial sepsis in an area of highly prevalent HIV and tuberculosis (TB) to re-examine and inform early diagnosis and treatment efforts.

Methods: Seventy-seven consecutive cases of otogenic intracranial sepsis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa were reviewed for demographics, presentation, imaging, HIV status, culture results, and outcomes.

Results: The most common intracranial complications were intracranial abscess (46.

The etiology, pathogeneses, and treatment of objective tinnitus: Unique case series and literature review.

We present two unique cases of myoclonus-induced objective tinnitus (OT), along with a comprehensive literature review on the topic. Primary goals include: explore the relationship between palatal myoclonus (PM) and middle ear myoclonus (MEM), highlight the embryologic, neurologic, and anatomical relationship between the involved peri-tubular muscles, exemplify the first case of OT which documents video evidence demonstrating the link between objective tinnitus and eustachian tube movement. Also, we discuss available treatment interventions and why they often do not fully resolve patients' symptoms.

Hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty for translabyrinthine surgery: A single institution experience.

Objective: To assess complication rates in hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) cranioplasty for translabyrinthine acoustic surgery compared with historical controls.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients undergoing de novo translabyrinthine surgery with HAC cranioplasty without concurrent adipose tissue graft or additional material between 2010 and 2017 at a tertiary otology center.

Results: Fifty-two patients underwent HAC cranioplasty during the study period.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Veterans With Tinnitus.

Cognitive behavioral therapy encourages acquisition, practice, and use of a range of specific coping strategies to enhance perceptions of self-control and self-efficacy for patients with tinnitus.