Challenging Implications of Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids Syndrome with an Atypical Presentation: Report of Two Cases.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an increasingly recognized neuroinflammatory syndrome that predominantly affects the pontine and cerebellar brain structures. Characteristically, patients will develop glucocorticoid-responsive brainstem disorders, demonstrate pontocerebellar contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and exhibit an angiocentric, lymphocytic infiltrate in brain biopsies. We have presented and discussed 2 novel and challenging cases of CLIPPERS syndrome to highlight the clinical and radiological diversity of the syndrome.

The Anterior Transarticular Fixation of C1/C2 in the Elderly With Dens Fractures.

Background: Anterior transarticular screw fixation (ATSF) of C1/C2 can be used for the treatment of unstable dens fractures. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of an anterior C1/C2 fixation in elderly patients with unstable dens fractures. Furthermore, we tried to analyze safe entry zones for ATSF surgery.

Treatment of Odontoid Type II Fractures in Octogenarians: Balancing Two Different Treatment Strategies.

Objective: Demographic changes have led to a higher incidence of C-2 fractures, especially in elderly patients. For patients with type II fractures, treatment remains controversial, as discussed by Anderson and D'Alonzo, due to the rising morbidity and mortality rates for any treatment. The aim of this study was to compare conservative and surgical management in patients with type II C-2 fractures regarding outcomes, complications, and the mortality rate.

Liponeurocytoma: Systematic Review of a Rare Entity.

Objective: Liponeurocytoma is a rare benign tumor of the central nervous system, which develops mainly in adult patients within the posterior fossa. The World Health Organization has categorized this entity in its last classification of 2016 as a benign grade II tumor. Histopathologic characteristics contain neuronal and variable astrocytic differentiation with foci of lipomatous distinction.

Cerebellar liponeurocytoma - a rare entity: a case report.

Background: Cerebellar liponeurocytoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system occurring mainly in the posterior fossa, which shows neuronal and variable astrocytic differentiation with foci of lipomatous differentiation. Liponeurocytoma develops in adult patients and is defined in the World Health Organization classification of 2016 as a rare benign grade II tumor.

Case Presentation: A 39-year-old Italian man presented to our department suffering from headache and nausea.

Nonoperative management of C-2 dens fractures: Single center experience and review of the literature.

Objective: The demographic change in the population leads to a rising number of patients presenting with fractures of the cervical spine, especially C-2, due to falls. With an increase of co-morbidities in these elder patients, the risk for intra- and postoperative complications is increased likewise. Thus, an alternative strategy instead of operative management of these fractures should be taken into account whenever possible.

Critical analysis of anatomical landmarks within the sphenoid sinus for transsphenoidal surgery.

The transsphenoidal approach to the sellar region has been introduced more than a 100 years ago. It is the accepted standard operative corridor to pathologies of the pituitary gland and surrounding structures. There are anatomical landmarks within the sphenoid sinus that are used for orientation directing to the sella floor or the cavernous sinus.

Elderly patients are at increased risk for mortality undergoing surgical repair of dens fractures.

Objective: Dens fractures are common cervical injuries in advanced aged patients. The presented study was undertaken to analyze the clinical results and risks of surgically treated patients with dens fractures over 70 years.

Methods: Data of 28 patients (17 female, 11 male) over 70 years treated from September 2004 to October 2009 were recorded.