Integrative multi-environmental genomic prediction in apple.

Genomic prediction for multiple environments can aid the selection of genotypes suited to specific soil and climate conditions. Methodological advances allow effective integration of phenotypic, genomic (additive, nonadditive), and large-scale environmental (enviromic) data into multi-environmental genomic prediction models. These models can also account for genotype-by-environment interaction, utilize alternative relationship matrices (kernels), or substitute statistical approaches with deep learning.