TLR2, Siglec-3 and CD163 expressions on porcine peripheral blood monocytes are increased during sepsis caused by Haemophilus parasuis.

TLRs, Siglecs and CD163 are cell surface receptors that play an important role in immune response and sepsis. The objective of this study was to assess changes in the expression levels of several of these receptors (TLR2, TLR4, CD163, Siglec-1, Siglec-3, Siglec-5 and Siglec-10) on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pigs with sepsis caused by Haemophilus parasuis. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze samples from an experimental infection and from cell cultures.

Transcriptomics of Haemophilus (Glässerella) parasuis serovar 5 subjected to culture conditions partially mimetic to natural infection for the search of new vaccine antigens.

Background: Haemophilus (Glässerella) parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in pigs. Control of this disorder has been traditionally based on bacterins. The search for alternative vaccines has focused mainly on the study of outer membrane proteins.

New insights about functional and cross-reactive properties of antibodies generated against recombinant TbpBs of Haemophilus parasuis.

Vaccines have become fundamental in the control and elimination of Glässer Disease, a systemic disease of pigs caused by Haemophilus parasuis. The classic vaccines available for prevention of this infection were developed without a robust knowledge about host immunological mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of cross-reactive epitopes on both the N-lobe and C-lobe of variants of transferrin binding protein B (TbpBs) expressed on the surface of 6 virulent serovars of H.

Nonbinding site-directed mutants of transferrin binding protein B exhibit enhanced immunogenicity and protective capabilities.

Host-adapted Gram-negative bacterial pathogens from the Pasteurellaceae, Neisseriaceae, and Moraxellaceae families normally reside in the upper respiratory or genitourinary tracts of their hosts and rely on utilizing iron from host transferrin (Tf) for growth and survival. The surface receptor proteins that mediate this critical iron acquisition pathway have been proposed as ideal vaccine targets due to the critical role that they play in survival and disease pathogenesis in vivo. In particular, the surface lipoprotein component of the receptor, Tf binding protein B (TbpB), had received considerable attention as a potential antigen for vaccines in humans and food production animals but this has not translated into the series of successful vaccine products originally envisioned.

Molecular investigation of tularemia outbreaks, Spain, 1997-2008.

Tularemia outbreaks occurred in northwestern Spain in 1997-1998 and 2007-2008 and affected >1,000 persons. We assessed isolates involved in these outbreaks by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis with 2 restriction enzymes and multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of 16 genomic loci of Francisella tularensis, the cause of this disease. Isolates were divided into 3 pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and 8 allelic profiles by multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis.

Differences in Haemophilus parasuis adherence to and invasion of AOC-45 porcine aorta endothelial cells.

Background: The pathogenesis of Haemophilus parasuis depends on the bacterium's ability to interact with endothelial cells and invade adjacent tissues. In this study, we investigated the abilities of eight H. parasuis reference strains belonging to serovars 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 and 13 to adhere to and invade porcine aortic endothelial cells (AOC-45 cell line).

Immunoproteomic analysis of the protective response obtained with subunit and commercial vaccines against Glässer's disease in pigs.

An immunoproteomic analysis of the protective response of subunit and commercial vaccines in colostrum-deprived pigs against Glässer's disease was carried out. A mixture of proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (PAPT) from Haemophilus parasuis Nagasaki strain (serovar 5) was inoculated intramuscularly (PAPT(M)) and intratracheally (PAPT(Cp)), along with a commercial bacterin. PAPT were separated using 2 dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) gels and with them, 2DE Western blots were carried out.

Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5 Nagasaki strain adheres and invades PK-15 cells.

Haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing Glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis in pigs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro ability of two H. parasuis serovars of different virulence (serovar 5, Nagasaki strain, highly virulent, belonging to serovar 5, and SW114 strain, nonvirulent, belonging to serovar 3) to adhere to and invade porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK-15 line).

Acute phase protein concentrations in colostrum-deprived pigs immunized with subunit and commercial vaccines against Glässer's disease.

Haemophilus parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis and meningitis in pigs. This study was focused on the characterization of the acute-phase response after immunization and infection of colostrum-deprived pigs with H. parasuis serovar 5, by measuring serum concentrations of three positive acute-phase proteins (APPs) (pig major acute-phase protein pig, MAP; haptoglobin, HPG; C-reactive protein, CRP) and one negative APP (apolipoprotein A-I, ApoA-I).

Evaluation of efficacy of several disinfectants against Campylobacter jejuni strains by a suspension test.

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of 16 active compounds and 11 commercial disinfectants against Campylobacter jejuni. Two reference strains (one of avian origin and the other isolated from bovine) and two avian field strains were tested in suspension test in the presence and absence of serum. Chloramine-T, povidone-iodine (1% available iodine), cetylpiridinium chloride, ethanol, isopropanol, chlorhexidine digluconate, formaldehyde, phenol, and 10 of the 11 commercial formulations (eight of them based on quaternary ammonium compounds) showed an excellent disinfectant capability, resulting in the highest level of reduction (>6-log(10)) in colony-forming units of the four C.

Development and characterization of protective Haemophilus parasuis subunit vaccines based on native proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin and comparison with other subunit and commercial vaccines.

Haemophilus parasuis is the agent responsible for causing Glässer's disease, which is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis in pigs. In this study, we have characterized native outer membrane proteins with affinity to porcine transferrin (NPAPT) from H. parasuis serovar 5, Nagasaki strain.

Characterization of a recombinant transferrin-binding protein A (TbpA) fragment from Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5.

Haemophilus parasuis, the etiological agent of Glässer's disease in pigs, possesses iron acquisition pathways mediated by a surface receptor that specifically bind porcine transferrin. This receptor is composed of transferrin-binding protein A (TbpA) and TbpB. As it has been reported for other gram-negative organisms, H.

Evaluation of changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Pasteurella multocida subsp multocida isolates from pigs in Spain in 1987-1988 and 2003-2004.

Objective: To determine the susceptibility of strains of Pasteurella multocida subsp multocida isolated from lung specimens of pigs with pneumonia to 20 antimicrobials and to evaluate the emergence of resistance to those antimicrobials in Spain during the past 2 decades.

Sample Population: 63 isolates recovered from 1987 to 1988 and 132 isolates recovered from 2003 to 2004.

Procedure: A broth microdilution method was used to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) range and values for MIC50 and MIC90.

Distribution of tetracycline resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from Spain.

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Tetracycline is used for therapy of this disease, and A. pleuropneumoniae carrying the tet(B) gene, coding for an efflux protein that reduces the intercellular tetracycline level, has been described previously.

Changes in antimicrobial susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in Spain during the last decade.

A total of 229 Spanish Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates recovered from diseased pigs with pleuropneumonia from 1997 to 2004 was tested for their susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials in a broth microdilution method. All the isolates were susceptible to florfenicol and most of them to cephalothin; however, a high rate of resistance was observed to tetracycline. A bimodal or multimodal distribution of isolates over the MIC range were observed for penicillins, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfisoxazole and nalidixic acid, suggesting the development of acquired resistance.

Molecular characterization of Haemophilus parasuis ferric hydroxamate uptake (fhu) genes and constitutive expression of the FhuA receptor.

Bacteria have evolved a set of highly specialized proteins to capture iron in iron-depleted environments. The acquisition and uptake of iron present in the extracellular milieu of eukaryotic organisms is indispensable for the growth and survival of microbial pathogens in the course of infection. Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer disease, which is responsible for considerable financial losses in pig-rearing worldwide.

Identification and characterization of the TonB region and its role in transferrin-mediated iron acquisition in Haemophilus parasuis.

Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, which is responsible for considerable economic losses in the pig-rearing industry. The aim of the study reported here was the identification, sequencing and molecular characterization of the TonB region that includes tonB, exbBD, and tbpBA genes in H. parasuis.

Evaluation of survival of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis in four liquid media and two swab specimen transport systems.

Objective: To determine duration and rates of recovery of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis from 4 liquid media and 2 swab specimen transport systems and compare findings with those of Escherichia coli.

Sample Population: One strain each of A pleuropneumoniae (biovar 1, serotype 1), H parasuis (serovar 5), and E coli (serotype O149:K91:H19).

Procedure: Strains were incubated in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with horse serum and other nutrients or in horse serum alone, with and without nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in both instances, for 150 days at 4 degrees C or room temperature (21 degrees C).