Secondary cities under siege: examining peri-urbanisation and farmer households' livelihood diversification practices in Ghana.

Land formalisation and commoditisation are influencing peri-urban growth in secondary cities. This notwithstanding, studies on peri-urbanisation have not prioritized secondary cities and how land transactions shape city expansion and engender livelihood diversification. Few perspectives in urban theory and practice are derived from such secondary cities, while trajectories indicate that such cities are becoming the new face of urbanisation in the Global South.