Mismatch Negativity in Children with Deficits in Auditory Abilities.

 Mismatch negativity (MMN) represents a negative component of event-related potentials, which is mentioned by guidelines as an important tool to provide measurable data regarding the functionality of the auditory system in acoustic processing. However, the literature still lacks reliable data that can support the clinical use of this potential in the complementary diagnosis of central auditory processing (CAP) disorder (CAPD).  To analyze whether MMN assessment might be associated with the CAP behavioral test battery, as well as to assess the effects of auditory ability deficits on MMN responses in the pediatric population.

Auditory Electrophysiological Thresholds With Different Chirps and Their Correlation With Behavioral Thresholds in Hearing-Impaired Children.

Objectives: Research focusing on changes in the clinical practice of audiological diagnosis has become increasingly necessary, particularly in pediatric audiology. The pursuit of accurate and reliable examinations has intensified given the importance of early detection and intervention in cases of childhood hearing loss. Thus, this study aims to investigate the correlation between electrophysiological auditory thresholds, as obtained through frequency-specific auditory brainstem responses with two distinct chirp stimuli (narrow-band CE-Chirp Level Specific and narrow-band iChirp), in children with hearing impairments.

Congenital toxoplasmosis and auditory disorders: a literature review.

Background: Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) occurs mainly by primary maternal infection during pregnancy. It is estimated that the incidence of vertical transmission to the fetus is 20% and that infected women are more likely to have a premature birth or low birth weight neonate since there is an association between CT and the rate of premature birth and low birth weight. In addition to severe neurological and ophthalmic consequences, hearing disorders such as hearing loss are also among the clinical manifestations seen in children with CT.

Auditory Brainstem response electrophysiological thresholds with narrow band chirps stimuli in hearing infants.

Objectives: to describe reference values for the electrophysiological thresholds obtained in the frequency-specific Auditory Brainstem Response (fsABR) with the NB CE-Chirp® LS and NB iChirp stimuli in hearing infants and to compare the variables: Minimum Levels of Response (MLR), latency, amplitude and examination time.

Methods: the sample consisted of 74 full-term infants, with a mean age of 23.11 days, 29 females and 45 males.

Hearing rehabilitation of children and adolescents with unilateral hearing loss.

Purpose: To describe the audiological characteristics and the type of intervention chosen on unilateral hearing loss cases in children and adolescents as well as to analyze correlations between the degree of hearing loss, the indication and the use of electronic devices.

Methods: Observational, descriptive and retrospective study, carried out with information of 34 medical records from children and adolescents with unilateral hearing loss, assessed by two auditory rehabilitation services of medium complexity, throughout 2016 to 2019. Descriptive and Inferential statistical analysis were performed with the data.

The effect of child development on the components of the Frequency Following Response: Child development and the Frequency Following Response.

During childhood, neuronal modifications occur so that typical childhood communicative development occurs. This work aims to contribute to the understanding of differences in the speech encoding of infants and school-age children by assessing the effects of child development, in different phases of early childhood, on the encoding of speech sounds. There were 98 subjects of both sexes, aged from 1 day to 8 years and 9 months who participated in the study.

Auditory Brainstem Response with the iChirp stimuli in the infant's audiological diagnosis.

Objective: to investigate the use of the iChirp stimulus in the infant's audiological diagnosis compared to stimuli typically used in the ABR in infants, in addition to suggesting reference values for the assessment of this population.

Methods: 62 infants participated in the study, 29 females and 33 males. The subjects underwent the recording of the Auditory Brainstem Response in the Smart Ep equipment, with the stimuli click, iChirp-broadband, tone burst and iChirp-narrowband, which were presented at three levels of intensity (20 dB, 40 dB and 60 dB) and, for tone burst and iChirp-narrowband stimuli, at different frequencies (0.

Verbal and Nonverbal Mismatch Negativity in Children with Typical Development: Variables Analysis.

 Mismatch negativity (MMN) is a promising instrument for the investigation of different auditory disorders, as it does not need behavioral responses.  To analyze the influence of the ear, gender and age variables in the MMN in children with typical development; and to compare the different measures of this potential, using verbal and nonverbal stimuli in the sample studied, providing reference values.  Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study, with 23 children, aged from 5 to 11 years and 11 months old, divided by age group.

Effect of Auditory Maturation on the Encoding of a Speech Syllable in the First Days of Life.

(1) Background: In neonates and infants, the physiological modifications associated with language development are reflected in their Frequency Following Responses (FFRs) in the first few months of life. (2) Objective: This study aimed to test the FFRs of infants in the first 45 days of life in order to evaluate how auditory maturation affects the encoding of a speech syllable. (3) Method: In total, 80 healthy, normal-hearing infants, aged 3 to 45 days old, participated in this study.

The Effect of Learning English on P300 in Children.

 Learning a second language is an essential task in today's world, and is experienced by many children. The cognitive auditory-evoked potential (P300) is related to cognitive activity, attention and concentration, enabling the investigation of the effect of a second language on the central auditory pathway.  To analyze the effects of learning English on P300 latency and amplitude in children and to correlate them with age, time of exposure to English, and time in class.

Mismatch Negativity in children with Phonological Disorders.

Objective: to characterize the latency, amplitude and area variables of the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) elicited with verbal stimuli in children with PD, in addition to assessing whether this potential can be a useful tool in capturing auditory perception and discrimination deficits related to this disorder.

Methods: MMN was recorded using a combination of speech contrast consisting of acoustic syllables [da vs ta], as the standard and deviant stimuli, in 34 children aged between 5 and 8 years. 14 children of the sample were already diagnosed with Phonological Disorder (PD) while 19 were characterized with typical development.

Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in 2-Year-Old Subjects.

 Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) can be used to evaluate both peripheral and cortical components of auditory function, and contribute to the assessment of functional sensitivity and auditory thresholds, especially in neonates and infants. Auditory evoked potentials reflect auditory maturity and precede the acquisition of more complex auditory and cognitive skills, and are therefore crucial for speech and language development.  The aim of the present study was to determine the presence, latency and amplitude of CAEP components in response to verbal stimuli in children aged 2 years old.

Effect of congenital toxoplasmosis on the encoding of speech in infants.

Objective: To investigate the effect of congenital toxoplasmosis (CTP) on the Frequency-Following Response (FFR) in infants.

Study Design: 11 infants diagnosed with CTP and 12 healthy infants with no risk indicators for hearing impairment, aged 29-90 days old. All infants underwent an FFR neurophysiological assessment.

Auditory training in autism spectrum disorder: a case report.

This study aimed to measure the effects of a Computer-based Auditory Training Program (CBATP) on an adolescent diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Central Auditory Processing Disorder (CAPD). This is the case report of a male, 14-year-old adolescent diagnosed with ASD. The individual was submitted to basic audiological evaluation, central auditory processing assessment and hearing electrophysiology (EP), pre- and post-therapeutic intervention.

Analysis of the components of Frequency-Following Response in phonological disorders.

Introduction: When identifying the auditory performance of children with phonological disorders, researchers assume that this population has normal peripheral hearing. However, responses at more central levels might be atypical.

Objective: To investigate the effect of phonological disorders on Frequency-Following Responses (FFRs) in the time domain.

Auditory maturation and psychological risk in the first year of life.

Purpose: To assess the potential association between psychological risk and limited auditory pathway maturation.

Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study, 54 infants (31 non-risk and 23 at-risk) were assessed from age 1 to 12 months. All had normal hearing and underwent assessment of auditory maturation through cortical auditory evoked potentials testing.

Applicability of Evoked Auditory Brainstem Responses with Complex Stimuli in Adults with Hearing Loss.

 The use of the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) shows how the brainstem operates up to the subcortex in a more complex manner than when the click-evoked ABR is used.  To study the applicability of the speech-evoked ABR in adults with hearing loss.  The sample was composed of a study group of 11 subjects, with ages ranging between 18 and 59 years, and auditory thresholds within normal standards, with loss of up to 65 dB at high frequencies or up to moderately severe symmetric sensorineural hearing loss.

Speech-evoked Brainstem Auditory Responses and Auditory Processing Skills: A Correlation in Adults with Hearing Loss.

 The auditory system consists of sensory structures and central connections. The evaluation of the auditory pathway at a central level can be performed through behavioral and electrophysiological tests, because they are complementary to each other and provide important information about comprehension.  To correlate the findings of speech brainstem-evoked response audiometry with the behavioral tests Random Gap Detection Test and Masking Level Difference in adults with hearing loss.

Computerized Auditory Training in Students: Electrophysiological and Subjective Analysis of Therapeutic Effectiveness.

 Computerized auditory training (CAT) has been building a good reputation in the stimulation of auditory abilities in cases of auditory processing disorder (APD).  To measure the effects of CAT in students with APD, with typical or atypical phonological acquisition, through electrophysiological and subjective measures, correlating them pre- and post-therapy.  The sample for this study includes14 children with APD, subdivided into children with APD and typical phonological acquisition (G1), and children with APD and atypical phonological acquisition (G2).

Effects of prematurity on language acquisition and auditory maturation: a systematic review.

Purpose: To verify which damages prematurity causes to hearing and language.

Research Strategies: We used the decriptors language/linguagem, hearing/audição, prematurity/prematuridade in databases LILACS, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Scielo.

Selection Criteria: randomized controlled trials, non-randomized intervention studies and descriptive studies (cross-sectional, cohort, case-control projects).

Cortical auditory evoked potentials in full-term and preterm neonates.

Purpose: To measure the exogenous components of the cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) in term and preterm newborns and compare them considering the variables latency and amplitude.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, prospective, comparative, contemporary study. One hundred twenty-seven newborns were evaluated; 96 of these were included in the study after analysis of the exams by three referees.

LS CE-Chirp vs. Click in the neuroaudiological diagnosis by ABR.

Introduction: The chirp stimulus was developed seeking to counterbalance the delay of the sound wave on its journey through the cochlea, allowing the hair cells to depolarize at the same time. The result is a simultaneous stimulation providing better neural synchrony and, consequently, the recording of responses with greater amplitudes.

Objective: To compare the absolute latency of waves I, III and V, the interpeak intervals I-III, III-V and I-V, amplitude values of wave V and its association with the amplitude of wave I, and the interaural difference V-V in the auditory brainstem response (ABR) using Click and LS CE-Chirp stimuli to determine whether the responses evoked by LS CE-Chirp could be applied to neuroaudiological diagnosis.

Auditory Evoked Potentials with Different Speech Stimuli: a Comparison and Standardization of Values.

Introduction Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials (LLAEP) with speech sounds has been the subject of research, as these stimuli would be ideal to check individualś detection and discrimination. Objective The objective of this study is to compare and describe the values of latency and amplitude of cortical potentials for speech stimuli in adults with normal hearing. Methods The sample population included 30 normal hearing individuals aged between 18 and 32 years old with ontological disease and auditory processing.

Intensive care unit: results of the Newborn Hearing Screening.

Introduction: Procedures for extending the life of newborns are closely related to potential causes of hearing loss, justifying the identification and understanding of risk factors for this deficiency.

Objective: To characterize the population, analyze the frequency of risk factors for hearing loss, and assess the audiological status of infants attended in a Newborn Hearing Screening program (NHS).

Methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed medical records of 140 patients from a neonatal intensive care unit, identifying the frequency of risk factors for hearing loss and audiological status, utilizing transient otoacoustic emissions and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP).

Association between phenotype, performance with hearing aids, and genotype of childhood hearing loss in children with and without genetic alteration.

Purpose: To establish the frequency of genetic mutations related to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL); to verify if there is association between the degree of SNHL and the presence of genetic alteration; and to verify if the Minimal Response Levels (MRL) with hearing aids vary according to the genetic alteration.

Methods: Thirty hearing aids users with ages between 8 and 111 months were evaluated. The evaluation procedures used were: pure-tone audiometry; the auditory steady state response (ASSR) on sound field, with and without hearing aids; and genetic study of the hearing loss.