Effect of Genotype on the Response to Diet in Cardiovascular Disease-A Scoping Review.

Background/objectives: Nutrigenetics investigates the role of genetic variants that contribute to the inter-individual variation in response to food intake. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are influenced by the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including the diet. The aim of this scoping review is to analyze the literature on the effect of genotypes on the response to dietary interventions for the treatment of CVD risk factors.

What Do We Know about Neonatal Diabetes caused by Mutations?

Introduction: Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is characterized by severe hyperglycemia, usually diagnosed in the first few months of an individual's life. It is a genetic disease and one of the main forms of monogenic diabetes. Changes in different genes have already been associated with NDM, including changes in the gene .

Monounsaturated fat-rich diet reduces body adiposity in women with obesity, but does not influence energy expenditure and substrate oxidation: a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Obesity is an important and growing health problem whose treatment involves dietary changes. In this context, studying the role of macronutrients in weight loss is required in order to understand which strategies may be applied for weight loss. We aimed to evaluate the effects of diets rich in polyunsaturated (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on resting energy expenditure (REE), substrate oxidation, and weight loss in women with obesity.

A Pilot Study of Dietetic, Phenotypic, and Genotypic Features Influencing Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy in Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbimortality. Dietetic, phenotypic, and genotypic factors influencing HDP were analyzed during a nutrigenetic trial in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2016-2020). Pregnant women with pregestational diabetes mellitus (n = 70) were randomly assigned to a traditional or DASH diet group.

Gut Microbiota Profile in Adults Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Gut microbiota (GM) after bariatric surgery (BS) has been considered as a factor associated with metabolic improvements and weight loss. In this systematic review, we evaluate changes in the GM, characterized by 16S rRNA and metagenomics techniques, in obese adults who received BS. The PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were searched.

SH2B1 variants as potential causes of non-syndromic monogenic obesity in a Brazilian cohort.

Purpose: SH2B1 gene encodes an important adaptor protein to receptor tyrosine kinases or cytokine receptors associated with Janus kinases. This gene has been associated with the structural and functional modulation of neurons and other cells, and impacts on energy and glucose homeostasis. Several studies suggested that alterations in this gene are strong candidates for the development of obesity.

Chia Flour (Salvia hispanica L.) Intake Does Not Affect Weight Loss and Lipid Profile but Improve Systolic Blood Pressure Control in Obesity.

Background: Obesity is an epidemic, multifactorial and difficult-to-control disease, besides being a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Among the multiple intervention proposals, the addition of chia in meals has been considered due to its composition and possible effects on weight loss and cardiovascular parameters.

Objective: We evaluate the influence of chia flour (Salvia hispanica L.

Profile of Gut Microbiota of Adults with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1: A Systematic Review.

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease of clinical importance, whose prevalence has increased in Brazil and worldwide. Among the possible factors involved in the genesis and control of the disease, the intestinal microbiota (IM) deserves to be highlighted, but studies that report differences between the IM of patients with T1DM and those who are healthy are still contradictory and scarce.

Objective: The objective of this paper was to evaluate the IM profile of T1DM and healthy patients, in order to verify possible differences and to evaluate the possibility of the influence of IM on glycemic control in T1DM.

FTO and ADRB2 Genetic Polymorphisms Are Risk Factors for Earlier Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women with Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results of a Randomized Nutrigenetic Trial.

Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with increased risk of maternal and neonatal complications. We investigated obesity-related polymorphisms in the FTO gene (rs9939609, rs17817449) and ADRB2 (rs1042713, rs1042714) as candidate risk factors concerning excessive GWG in pregnant women with pregestational diabetes. This nutrigenetic trial, conducted in Brazil, randomly assigned 70 pregnant women to one of the groups: traditional diet ( = 41) or DASH diet ( = 29).

Hypocaloric diet with lower meal frequency did not affect weight loss, body composition and insulin responsiveness, but improved lipid profile: a randomized clinical trial.

Dietary approaches are essential to control obesity, but the effectiveness of changes in meal frequency (MF) as a strategy for body weight loss or maintenance remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of MF of a hypocaloric diet on weight loss, body composition, active ghrelin levels and metabolic indicators of obese women. This is a randomized, parallel clinical trial, including 40 women divided into two groups that received a hypocaloric diet with different MFs: MF6: six meals per day, and MF3: three meals per day.

Modulation of the gut microbiota by probiotics and symbiotics is associated with changes in serum metabolite profile related to a decrease in inflammation and overall benefits to metabolic health: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial in women with obesity.

Modulation of the gut microbiota may help in treating obesity by improving host metabolic health. We aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics or symbiotics on body weight and serum metabolite profile in women with obesity. A double-blind, parallel, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted with 32 adult women with body mass index ranging from 30 to 34.

A Rare Potential Pathogenic Variant in the Gene is Found in a Brazilian Patient with Severe Childhood-Onset Obesity.

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a pro-survival factor in the brain that also regulates energy balance. loss-of-function point mutations are responsible for haploinsufficiency, causing severe early-onset obesity. Up to date, only a few studies have sequenced this gene to search for rare mutations related to obesity.

Identification of a Rare and Potential Pathogenic Variant in a Brazilian Patient With Adulthood-Onset Severe Obesity.

Background: The melanocortinergic pathway orchestrates the energy homeostasis and impairments in this system often lead to an increase in body weight. Rare variants in the () gene resulting in partial or complete loss of function have been described with autosomal co-dominant inheritance. These mutations are the most common cause of non-syndromic monogenic obesity.

Profile of polyphenol intake by women with different classes of obesity: Consumption of these compounds does not reflect healthy eating.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate polyphenol intake in women with different classes of obesity and identify which are consumed more frequently and what the food sources are.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 114 women with obesity. The study evaluated polyphenol intake via a 3-d food record using Phenol-Explorer.

Metabolic and Appetite Effects of Fructose and Glucose in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.

Background: Fructose has been widely used for producing lower post-infusion glucose increase than other carbohydrates, but it seems that it promotes an increase in post-infusion triglycerides.

Objective: The present study investigated the effects of fructose and glucose in metabolic variables and appetite sensations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods: This is a single-blind, randomized, and crossover study (washout of 1-5 weeks), which evaluated 16 adult T1DM patients, accompanied at University Hospital.

Association of the MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with plasma ghrelin, leptin, IL6 and TNFα concentrations, food intake and eating behaviors in morbidly obese women.

Purpose: The rs17782313 variant of the MC4R gene plays an important role in the obesity phenotype. Studies that evaluate environmental factors and genetic variants associated with obesity may represent a great advance in understanding the development of this disease. This work seeks to assess the association of the polymorphism of MC4R rs17782313 on plasma parameters, including leptin, ghrelin, tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6), and on the eating behaviors of morbidly obese women.

Effect of coconut oil on weight loss and metabolic parameters in men with obesity: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Coconut oil appears to help in weight loss and improve metabolic parameters associated with obesity. We evaluate the influence of coconut oil on the body composition, lipid profile and glycemia in men with obesity. A controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed with 29 adult men affected by obesity.

The prevalence and risk factors for sarcopenia in older adults and long-living older adults.

Purpose: Sarcopenia is a muscular syndrome that is related to several adverse risks. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of risk of sarcopenia and associated factors in older adults and long-living older adults.

Methods: A crosssectional epidemiological study of older adults patients at a geriatric outpatient clinic.

Profile of the gut microbiota of adults with obesity: a systematic review.

Recently, relationship between gut microbiota composition and development of obesity has been pointed. However, the gut microbiota composition of individual with obesity is not known yet. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate differences in profile of gut microbiota between individuals with obesity and individuals with normal weight.

Interaction between genes involved in energy intake regulation and diet in obesity.

Obesity is a multifactorial, complex, and public health problem worldwide. Interaction between genes and environment as associated with diet may predispose an individual to obesity. In this sense, nutrigenetics appears to be a strategy that can improve understanding of the gene-diet interaction.

Postprandial metabolic effects of fructose and glucose in type 1 diabetes patients: a pilot randomized crossover clinical trial.

Objective: To test the influence of oral fructose and glucose dose-response solutions in blood glucose (BG), glucagon, triglycerides, uricaemia, and malondialdehyde in postprandial states in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients.

Subjects And Methods: The study had a simple-blind, randomized, two-way crossover design in which T1DM patients were selected to receive fructose and glucose solutions (75g of sugars dissolved in 200 mL of mineral-water) in two separate study days, with 2-7 weeks washout period. In each day, blood samples were drawn after 8h fasting and at 180 min postprandial to obtain glucose, glucagon, triglycerides, uric acid, lactate, and malondialdehyde levels.

Identification of the start lost mutation in a morbidly obese Brazilian patient.

Background: gene () is an important regulator of food intake, body weight, and blood pressure. Mutations in are associated with the most common form of nonsyndromic monogenic obesity. variations have an autosomal co-/dominant model of inheritance.

Food intake of women with gestational diabetes mellitus, in accordance with two methods of dietary guidance: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the food intake of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to two methods of dietary guidance. A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted by appointment with a nutritionist and by using data from hospital records (2011-2014). The study population comprised adult women diagnosed with GDM treated in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.