Relationship between breast arterial calcification and coronary artery disease by invasive coronary angiography in postmenopausal women.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between the presence of BAC and coronary artery disease (CAD) by invasive coronary angiography (ICA) in postmenopausal women.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, postmenopausal women (age ≥ 45 years) with history of CAD, who underwent both ICA and digitized mammography, within six months of each other, were enrolled. Women who underwent prior percutaneous coronary intervention, or exhibited grade D breast density (BI-RADS®) or breast cancer upon mammography were excluded.

Different cutoff points to diagnose low muscle mass and prediction of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study aimed to verify which of the different cutoff points of low muscle mass (LMM) based on appendicular lean mass (ALM) is associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (PMW).

Methods: Cross-sectional study. PMW (n = 355) were classified for the presence of osteoporosis (score <-2.

Association Between Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength and Sexual Function in Postmenopausal Women.

Introduction: Although pelvic floor muscle (PFM) weakness can be associated with pelvic floor dysfunctions, knowledge about the relationship with sexual dysfunction is limited.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between PFM strength and sexual function in postmenopausal women.

Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 226 sexually active heterosexual women aged 45-65 years with amenorrhea >12 months and without pelvic floor disorders.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate the association between vitamin D (VD) deficiency and risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in postmenopausal women.

Study Design: Observational, cross-sectional cohort study.

Main Outcome Measures: In this study, 463 women, aged 45-75 years, with amenorrhea >12months, without VD supplementation or established cardiovascular disease were included.

Evaluation of Toll-Like receptor 2 and 4 RNA expression and the cytokine profile in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the gene expression of Toll-Like (TLR-2 and TLR-4) receptors and cytokine profile in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 311 Brazilian women (age≥45 years and amenorrhea≥12 months) were included. Women showing three or more of the following diagnostic criteria were diagnosed as positive for MetS: waist circumference>88 cm, triglycerides≥150 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol<50 mg/dL, blood pressure≥130/85 mmHg, and fasting glucose≥100 mg/dL.

Usefulness of clinical, ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic, and immunohistochemical parameters in differentiating endometrial polyps from endometrial cancer.

Study Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of clinical, ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic, and immunohistochemical parameters in differentiating endometrial polyps from endometrial cancer.

Design: Cross-sectional study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

Setting: Tertiary public hospital, university teaching center.

Evaluation of postural balance in postmenopausal women and its relationship with bone mineral density--a cross sectional study.

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) and falls are common problems encountered in the postmenopausal women. The purpose was to evaluate the association between postural balance and BMD in postmenopausal women and its relation to risk for falls.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 225 women in amenorrhea > 12 months and age ≥ 45 years were included and divided, according to BMD, in T-score values > -2.

Effect of total abdominal hysterectomy on ovarian blood supply in women of reproductive age.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of total abdominal hysterectomy on ovarian blood supply using transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography in women of reproductive age.

Methods: This prospective study included 61 women aged 40 years or younger who were divided into 2 groups: group 1, comprising 31 patients who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH); and group 2, comprising 30 women with no abnormalities. Inclusion criteria included normal ovarian function at baseline, with basal follicle-stimulating hormone levels of less than 15 mUI/mL, normal body weight, no tobacco use, and no history of laparotomy or ovarian disease.

Benefits of soy germ isoflavones in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of isoflavones on vasomotor symptoms and blood lipids in postmenopausal women with contraindication for conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

Methods: This prospective, double-blind and placebo-controlled study included 50 postmenopausal women randomly divided into two groups: 25 women on soy germ isoflavones (60 mg per day, capsules) and 25 women on placebo. Inclusion criteria included: non-vegetarian, non-asian women whose last menstruation dated at least 12 months prior to the beginning of the study, with FSH > 40 mIU/ml, hot flushes and contraindication for HRT, not using tamoxifen or antibiotic and no disease of the gastrointestinal tract.