Purpose: Vascular anomalies are classified as either vascular tumors or vascular malformations. Vascular malformations can be difficult to diagnose and treat in the pediatric population and can masquerade as malignant processes. Understanding the genetics behind vascular malformations can lead to identification of specific mutations which can be treated with targeted immunotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) remains critical in guiding epilepsy surgery. Robot-assisted techniques have shown promise in improving SEEG implantation outcomes but have not been directly compared. In this single-institution series, we compared ROSA and Stealth AutoGuide robots in pediatric SEEG implantation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA cutoff value of 6.0 mm for optic nerve sheath dilation may be used as a screening imaging marker to suspect elevated opening pressure with specificity of 88% in pediatric patients with new-onset idiopathic seizures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Methods Programs Biomed
October 2021
Background And Objective: Accurate information concerning implanted medical devices prior to a Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination is crucial to assure safety of the patient and to address MRI induced unintended changes in device settings. The identification of these devices still remains a very challenging task. In this paper, with the aim of providing a faster device detection, we propose the adoption of deep learning for medical device detection from X-rays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comput Assist Tomogr
January 2020
Objective: Our objective is to document the imaging appearance in the intracranial compartment at the time of the infants' first postnatal brain MR imaging after fetal repair for spinal dysraphisms.
Methods: Twenty-nine patients were evaluated on fetal and postnatal magnetic resonance imaging for a series of features of Chiari II malformation.
Results: Of the 29 infants, 55% had resolution of tonsillar ectopia, and 62% showed a dorsal outpouching of the near the foramen magnum on postnatal magnetic resonance imaging.
Hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonemia are common in the setting of liver disease and have been associated with both generalized and focal neurological deficits. We report a case of hepatic encephalopathy with transaminitis in the setting of hyperammonemia clinically mimicking acute dominant middle cerebral artery (MCA) syndrome. A 59-year-old right-handed woman had new-onset expressive aphasia, left gaze deviation, and right hemiparesis consistent with MCA stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: For research and risk factor analysis, a reproducible method quantifying atherosclerosis is necessary. Our aim was to develop a computed tomography (CT) angiography grading system to quantify atherosclerotic disease of the head and neck.
Methods: Institutional review board-approved, retrospective analysis was performed on 152 patients who underwent head/neck CT angiography.
The aim of this study is to evaluate whether we could develop a machine learning method to distinguish models of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valves (CSF-SVs) from their appearance in clinical X-rays. This is an essential component of an automatic MRI safety system based on X-ray imaging. To this end, a retrospective observational study using 416 skull X-rays from unique subjects retrieved from a clinical PACS system was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroimaging Clin N Am
February 2018
Conventional imaging findings in patients with cerebral concussion and chronic traumatic encephalopathy are absent or subtle in the majority of cases. The most common abnormalities include cerebral volume loss, enlargement of the cavum of the septum pellucidum, cerebral microhemorrhages, and white matter signal abnormalities, all of which have poor sensitivity and specificity. Advanced imaging modalities, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), blood oxygen level dependent functional MR Imaging (BOLD fMRI), MR spectroscopy, perfusion imaging, positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetoencephalography detect physiologic abnormalities in symptomatic patients and, although currently in the investigation phase, may become useful in the clinical arena.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeigh syndrome by definition is (1) a neurodegenerative disease with variable symptoms, (2) caused by mitochondrial dysfunction from a hereditary genetic defect and (3) accompanied by bilateral central nervous system lesions. A genetic etiology is confirmed in approximately 50% of patients, with more than 60 identified mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Here we review the clinical features and imaging studies of Leigh syndrome and describe the neuroimaging findings in a cohort of 17 children with genetically confirmed Leigh syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApproximately one-third of all cervical spine injuries involve the craniocervical junction (CCJ). Composed of the occiput and the first two cervical vertebrae, this important anatomic landmark, in conjunction with an intricate ligamentous complex, is essential to maintaining the stability of the cervical spine. The atlantoaxial joint is the most mobile portion of the spine, predominantly relying on the ligamentous framework for stability at that level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe classification of posterior fossa congenital anomalies has been a controversial topic. Advances in genetics and imaging have allowed a better understanding of the embryologic development of these abnormalities. A new classification schema correlates the embryologic, morphologic, and genetic bases of these anomalies in order to better distinguish and describe them.
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