Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography: first-pass arterial enhancement as a function of gadolinium-chelate concentration, and the saline chaser volume and injection rate.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the contrast medium (CM) concentration and the saline chaser volume and injection rate on first-pass aortic enhancement characteristics in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography using a physiologic flow phantom.

Materials And Methods: Imaging was performed on a 3.0-T magnetic resonance system (MAGNETOM Trio, Siemens Healthcare Solutions, Inc, Erlangen, Germany) using a 2-dimensional fast low angle shot T1-weighted sequence (repetition time, 500 milliseconds; echo time, 1.

Contrast material administration protocols for 64-MDCT angiography: altering volume and rate and use of a saline chaser to better match the imaging window--physiologic phantom study.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of varying volumes and rates of contrast material, use of a saline chaser, and cardiac output on aortic enhancement characteristics in MDCT angiography (MDCTA) using a physiologic phantom.

Materials And Methods: Volumes of 75, 100, and 125 mL of iopamidol, 370 mg I/mL, were administered at rates of 4, 6, and 8 mL/s. The effect of a saline chaser (50 mL of normal saline, 8 mL/s) was evaluated for each volume and rate combination.

Modifying peripheral IV catheters with side holes and side slits results in favorable changes in fluid dynamic properties during the injection of iodinated contrast material.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare a standard peripheral end-hole angiocatheter with those modified with side holes or side slits using experimental optical techniques to qualitatively compare the contrast material exit jets and using numeric techniques to provide flow visualization and quantitative comparisons.

Materials And Methods: A Schlieren imaging system was used to visualize the angiocatheter exit jet fluid dynamics at two different flow rates. Catheters were modified by drilling through-and-through side holes or by cutting slits into the catheters.