Not immune to inequity: minority under-representation in immunotherapy trials for breast and gynecologic cancers.

Objective: To describe the participation of minority women in clinical trials using immunologic agents for breast and gynecologic cancers.

Methods: A retrospective review of completed clinical trials involving immunotherapy for breast and gynecologic cancers was performed. Completed trials were examined for data on race, tumor type, and start year.

Minority participation in phase 1 gynecologic oncology clinical trials: Three decades of inequity.

Objectives: It is important to develop effective therapies in minorities to ensure equity in cancer care. Underrepresentation of minorities in early phase trials may cause therapies that are effective only in majority populations. We evaluated minority participation in gynecologic oncology phase 1 clinical trials.