Towards Cleaner Cities: Estimating Vehicle-Induced PM with Hybrid EBM-CMA-ES Modeling.

In developing countries, vehicle emissions are a major source of atmospheric pollution, worsened by aging vehicle fleets and less stringent emissions regulations. This results in elevated levels of particulate matter, contributing to the degradation of urban air quality and increasing concerns over the broader effects of atmospheric emissions on human health. This study proposes a Hybrid Explainable Boosting Machine (EBM) framework, optimized using the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), to predict vehicle-related PM concentrations and analyze contributing factors.

Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt for Budd-Chiari Syndrome: A Single-Centre Experience.

: Despite several challenges in clinical management, there has been significant progress in understanding the aetiology, natural history and outcomes of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) treatments. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) using covered stent in management of BCS. : We conducted a retrospective analysis of 70 BCS patients who underwent TIPS using covered stents between January 2010 and December 2022 at a single tertiary liver transplant centre.

Health Disparities Among Sexual and Gender Minority People Living With Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background And Objectives: Visibility of sexual and gender minority (SGM) people has been steadily increasing over the recent years; however, little is known about the distinct seizure and mental health characteristics among SGM people with epilepsy. In this study, we describe these characteristics among SGM subgroups.

Methods: Data on demographics, seizure metrics, mental health, and quality of life were collected using patient-reported questionnaires gathered at first epilepsy clinic visits as part of routine clinical care from January 2019 to September 2023 at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Seroepidemiological Survey on Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan.

Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease that primarily affects ruminants in tropical and temperate regions. In the present study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to define the seroprevalence of Bluetongue virus and to identify the possible risk factors correlated with BTV seropositivity among cattle, sheep, and goats during the period 2015-2016 in Gadarif State. A total of 420 cattle, 877 sheep, and 641 goat serum samples were collected randomly from 12 localities.

Plasmodium vivax Malaria Complicated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report.

() malaria was long considered to have low mortality. Severe malaria was classically associated with (). However, there is growing evidence that severe and complicated forms of v malaria may be more widespread than previously assumed.

Efficient Synthesis of FeO/PPy Double-Carbonized Core-Shell-like Composites for Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption.

Ever-increasing electromagnetic pollution largely affects human health, sensitive electronic equipment, and even military security, but current strategies used for developing functional attenuation materials cannot be achieved in a facile and cost-effective way. Here, a unique core-shell-like composite was successfully synthesized by a simple chemical approach and a rapid microwave-assisted carbonization process. The obtained composites show exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) properties, including a wide effective absorption band (EAB) of 4.

A Comparative Investigation of the Reliability of Biodegradable Components Produced through Additive Manufacturing Technology.

Using the linear elastic finite element method, we investigated how defects significantly influence the integrity of 3D-printed parts made from biodegradable material by experimental techniques and numerical simulations. A defective flaw was incorporated into the tensile test dog-bone sample using Computer-Aided Design and processed by slicing software. Three distinct raster angles examine two sets of samples, one featuring intact specimens and the other with the introduced defects.

Hypolipidemic, Hypoglycemic, and Ameliorative Effects of Boiled Parsley () and Mallow () Leaf Extracts in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats.

Obesity is a major health concern associated with serious conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated the potential anti-obesity effects of heat-treated parsley and mallow extracts (PE and ME, respectively) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. The selected herbs underwent three heat treatments (boiling, blanching, and microwaving), and the most effective treatment was orally administered to the HFD rats for eight weeks.

An optimal control model for Covid-19 spread with impacts of vaccination and facemask.

A non-linear system of differential equations was used to explain the spread of the COVID-19 virus and a SEIQR model was developed and tested to provide insights into the spread of the pandemic. This article, which is related to the aforementioned work as well as other work covering variations of SIR models, Hermite Wavelets Transform, and also the Generalized Compartmental COVID-19 model, we develop a mathematical control model and apply it to represent optimal vaccination strategy against COVID-19 using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle and also factoring in the effect of facemasks on the spread of the virus. As background work, we analyze the mathematical epidemiology model with the facemask effect on both reproduction number and stability, we also analyze the difference between confirmed COVID-19 cases of the Quarantine class and anonymous cases of the Infectious class that is expected to recover.

Role of Resistin in Various Diseases with Special Emphasis on Periodontal and Periapical Inflammation - A Review.

Resistin is a small adipocyte-specific secretory hormone molecule. It has been associated with a number of cellular and metabolic processes. It has also been essentially implicated to have a vital role in the interplay between insulin resistance, obesity, and type II diabetes.

Characterization of Hybrid FRP Composite Produced from Recycled PET and CFRP.

In recent years, carbon fiber has experienced a significant surge in popularity attributed to its exceptional properties, including its high-temperature resistance, mechanical strength, and cost-effectiveness. Many industries have been attracted to the prevalent use of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers or plastics (CFRP). However, the increasing demand for carbon fiber has created a waste recycling problem that needs to be addressed.

Intrafamilial and interfamilial heterogeneity of PINK1-associated Parkinson's disease in Sudan.

PINK1 is the second most predominant gene associated with autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. Homozygous mutations in this gene are associated with an early onset of symptoms. Bradykinesia, tremors, and rigidity are common features, while dystonia, motor fluctuation, and non-motor symptoms occur in a lower percentage of cases and usually respond well to levodopa.

Effect of target thickness and laser irradiance on the back-reflection-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signal in glass.

In the work that is being presented here, the effect of sample thickness and laser irradiance on the reduction of the signal-to-background ratio SBG and the plasma parameters, specifically electron temperature and electron density, is being investigated using back-reflection-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (BRELIBS). Copper and silver discs that had been highly polished were attached to the back surface of the glass target, and the Nd-YAG laser beam that was focused on the front surface of the target was tuned to its fundamental wavelength. The thicknesses of the transparent glass samples that were analysed were 1 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm.

Rebalancing Nutrients, Reinforcing Antioxidant and Osmoregulatory Capacity, and Improving Yield Quality in Drought-Stressed by Foliar Application of a Bee-Honey Solution.

Bee-honey solution (BHS) is considered a plant growth multi-biostimulator because it is rich in osmoprotectants, antioxidants, vitamins, and mineral nutrients that can promote drought stress (DtS) resistance in common bean plants. As a novel strategy, BHS has been used in a few studies, which shows that the application of BHS can overcome the stress effects on plant productivity and can contribute significantly to bridging the gap between agricultural production and the steady increase in population under climate changes. Under sufficient watering (SW (100% of crop evapotranspiration; ETc) and DtS (60% of ETc)), the enhancing impacts of foliar application with BHS (0%, 0.

Seroprevalence and clinical outcome of hepatitis D infection in Qatar.

Background: Worldwide, 5-10% of people with chronic hepatitis B virus infection are co-infected with hepatitis D virus. In Qatar, there are no data on hepatitis D virus infection among patients positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

Aims: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis D virus infection among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Qatar and assess the characteristics of these patients.

Adding colchicine to tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: An open-label randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Colchicine acts upstream in the cytokines cascade by inhibiting the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome while interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor antagonists, such as tocilizumab, block the end result of the cytokines cascade. Hence, adding colchicine to tocilizumab with the aim of blocking the early and end products of the cytokines cascade, might reduce the risk of developing cytokine storm.

Methods And Analysis: We aim to conduct an open-label randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding colchicine to tocilizumab among patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia to reduce the rate of invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality.

Diabetic ketoacidosis: knowledge and practice among patients with diabetes attending three specialized diabetes clinics in Khartoum, Sudan.

Introduction: diabetic Ketoacidosis is the leading cause of mortality in children and adolescents with T1DM and accounts for about 50% of all deaths in patients younger than 24 years with diabetes. It affects 8 out of 1000 people with diabetes annually, with a worldwide mortality rate of 2-10%. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and practice towards DKA among patients with diabetes attending three diabetes clinics in Khartoum.

Methylation of alpha-synuclein in a Sudanese cohort.

Background: Several studies suggested a significant role of epigenetic changes, including alterations in miRNA, histone modifications, and DNA methylation of α-synuclein (SNCA) in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenicity. As of yet, only very few studies have been carried out in this field in Africa and none in Sudan.

Materials And Methods: We collected DNA from 172 Sudanese individuals (90 cases, 82 controls) who donated saliva for DNA extraction (mean age of onset: 40.

Endoscopic resection of superficial bowel neoplasia: The unmet needs in the Egyptian practice.

Background: Management of superficial bowel neoplasia (SBN) in early stages is associated with better outcomes. The last few decades experienced a paradigm shift in the management of SBN with the introduction of advanced endoscopic resection techniques (ERTs). However, there are no clear data about the aspects of ERTs in Egypt despite the growing gastroenterology practice.