Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis Using Surface Antigen Grade 1 Detection by ELISA, Nano-Gold ELISA, and PCR in Pregnant Women.

Introduction: The accurate diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has critical importance in pregnant women. Nanotechnology and molecular biology are making possible opportunities for accurate and rapid diagnosis of many infectious diseases.

Aim And Methods: The aim of our study was to compare nano-gold ELISA with ELISA and PCR for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis using surface antigen grade 1 (SAG1) in pregnant women seeking antenatal care in outpatient clinics.

Modified genioglossus advancement with radiofrequency tongue base reduction for retroglossal collapse in Obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Objective: To study the combined effect of modified genioglossus advancement (MGGA) and radiofrequency tongue base reduction (RFTBR) a long with anterolateral advancement (ALA) pharyngolplasty on OSA patients with retrolingual airway collapse.

Study Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Zagazig and Benha Universities Medical Hospitals.

Methotrexate Hepatotoxicity in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Single-Center Study.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) could be disabling if left untreated. Methotrexate (MTX) is well known as a cornerstone in management. However, its adverse effects may limit treatment.

A cohort study of 30 day mortality after NON-EMERGENCY surgery in a COVID-19 cold site.

Background: Two million non-emergency surgeries are being cancelled globally every week due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which will have a major impact on patients and healthcare systems.

Methods: During the peak of the pandemic in the United Kingdom, we set up a multicentre cancer network amongst 14 National Health Service institutions, performing urological, thoracic, gynaecological and general surgical urgent and cancer operations at a central COVID-19 cold site. This is a cohort study of 500 consecutive patients undergoing surgery in this network.

An update on the current management of head and neck mucosal melanoma.

Primary mucosal melanomas of the head and neck are rare and aggressive tumours that arise in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and more rarely in the oral cavity. The current treatment options include radical surgical resection with adjuvant external beam radiotherapy being offered in high-risk patients. Although the latter can improve regional control, it does not reduce overall survival.

Anastomosis between the transverse cervical nerve and marginal mandibular nerve: how often does it occur?

Anastomoses in the neck between the sensory transverse cervical nerve (C2,3) and the cervical branch of the facial nerve are common, but communications with more superior branches of the facial nerve are rare. After we had identified a case where the transverse cervical nerve joined the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve in the submandibular triangle during a selective neck dissection, we searched for this variant in 86 neck dissections to see if it occurs more often than expected. We found it in one further patient.

Endoscopic approaches to benign sphenoid sinus lesions: development of an algorithm based on 13 years of experience.

Objective: To develop an algorithm for selecting the optimal endoscopic approach for benign sphenoid lesions.

Methods: Charts of 392 patients were reviewed and categorised according to disease nature and extent as follows: group 1 comprised isolated sphenoid sinus lesion cases, group 2 consisted of pansinus lesion cases and group 3 comprised lateral sphenoid recess lesion cases. Surgical approaches, difficulties and complications were noted.

Parasitic contamination of commonly consumed fresh leafy vegetables in benha, egypt.

This study evaluated the degree of parasitic contamination of vegetables which are commercialized and consumed fresh in Benha, Egypt. It included 530 vegetables: lettuce, watercress, parsley, green onion, and leek. Vegetables were collected randomly from markets within Benha.

Acanthamoeba DNA can be directly amplified from corneal scrapings.

This study evaluated the performance of direct amplification of Acanthamoeba-DNA bypassing DNA extraction in the diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis in clinically suspected cases in comparison to direct microscopic examination and in vitro culture. Corneal scrapings were collected from 110 patients who were clinically suspected to have Acanthamoeba keratitis, 63 contact lens wearers (CLW), and 47 non-contact lens wearers (NCLW). Taken samples were subjected to direct microscopic examination, cultivation onto the non-nutrient agar plate surface seeded with Escherichia coli, and PCR amplification.

Predominance of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype among diarrheic children from Egypt as an indicator for zoonotic transmission.

Cryptosporidium is a genus of zoonotic pathogens transmissible from a variety of animals to humans and is a considerable public health concern. It is a significant cause of diarrheal disease in developing and industrialized nations. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis are the main agents of cryptosporidiosis in humans.

Helobdella nilae and Alboglossiphonia conjugata leeches as biological agents for snails control.

The efficacy of leeches, as biological agents, in control of snail intermediate hosts of schistosomiasis (Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina) and fascioliasis (Lymnaea natalensis) as well as their effect on the non-target snails Physa acuta, Melanioides tuberculata and Cleopatra bulimoides was evaluated. Two glossiphoniid snail leeches, Helobdella nilae and Alboglossiphonia conjugata were used. They destroyed egg masses and young snails more rapidly than adult ones.

A study on biological control of six fresh water snails of medical and veterinary importance.

This study evaluated the molluscicidal effect of Commiphora mnolmol oil extract (Myrrh), on control of six fresh water snails (Lymnaea natalensis, Bulinus truncatus, Biomphalaria alexandrina, Physa acuta, Melania tuberculata and Cleopatra bulimoides). Also, the extract effect on the egg masses of L. natalensis, B.

Role for leptin and prolactin in human juvenile rheumatic diseases.

This study was done to evaluate the relation between the level ofleptin, prolactin, IL-4 and IL-5 with the activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Lupus erythematosus (SLE). The study included 33 patients divided into two groups. Group 1 included twenty-one patients with Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (13 males and 8 females) with age 11.

Effect of praziquantel on sex hormone levels in murine schistosomiasis mansoni.

Changes in sex hormonal levels were studied in Schistosoma mansoni infected and praziquantel treated mice (400 x 2 mg/Kg), drug control and in normal control groups. It was observed that schistosomiasis lead to increase in the level of testosterone, progesterone and 17B-esteradiol, 60 and 70 days postinfection in male and female mice, respectively. In praziquantel treated group the level of testosterone was lowered 10, 20 & 30 days post treatment, progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol fell 30 days post treatment after primary rise.

Study of human and parasitic factors in relation to bancroftian filariasis in Egypt.

The Human Leucocytic Antigen (HLA) and the histochemical reaction of microfilaria were studied by using cytotoxicity test and microfilarial acid phosphatase activity respectively to evaluate the role of the genetic factors and the parasitic factor in the pathogenesis of filariasis. Statistical significant association was found between HLA-B7 and the susceptibility for retaining microfilariae in blood and the development of clinical manifestations of filariasis. Histochemical study reported more or less the same results obtained in Egypt in elsewhere.