Efficacy Comparison Between Interscalene Block with and Without Superficial Cervical Plexus Block for Anesthesia in Clavicle Surgery.

Background: Clavicle fractures account for over one-third of shoulder injuries and up to 3.3% of all fractures in adults. While the majority of these fractures can be managed non-surgically, there are instances where surgical intervention is performed.

Erector spinae plane block as an anesthesia technique for an emergent thoracotomy; a case report.

Background: The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a novel regional block technique for pain management following thoracic surgeries. However, there are minimal cases in which the technique was used as the main anesthesia technique during surgery.

Case Presentation: Here, we report the successful use of ESBP for applying anesthesia in a case during an emergent thoracotomy for performing pericardiotomy and loculated tamponade evacuation.

Quadratus Lumborum Block versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Acetabular Fracture Surgery by Stoppa Method: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial.

Background: Acetabular fracture surgeries are frequently accompanied by protracted and severe perioperative pain, and there is no consensus on optimal pain relief management.

Aim: This study aimed at comparing the analgesic efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) and quadratus lumborum block (QLB) in patients with acetabular fractures undergoing surgery using the Stoppa method.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, noninferiority clinical trial, adult patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for acetabular fracture surgery, in Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran (IRCT20191114045435N1), were randomly divided into two groups: FICB ( = 22) and QLB ( = 24).

Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery Using Interpretable Machine Learning.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication that occurs for various reasons after surgery, especially cardiac surgery. This complication can lead to a prolonged treatment process, increased costs, and sometimes death. Prediction of postoperative AKI can help anesthesiologists to implement preventive and early treatment strategies to reduce the risk of AKI.

The Neuroprotective Effects of Administration of Methylprednisolone in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Experimental Cardiac Arrest Model.

Although advances in diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrest (CA) could improve neurological outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), survival rate and neurological outcome after CA and CPR remain poor. This study aimed to investigate the effect of epinephrine (EP) alone and EP in combination with methylprednisolone (MP) (EP + MP) on some the apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes and proteins levels expression of the cerebral cortex as well as neuronal death in a CA rat model. Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups including the hypoxic CA + EP, hypoxic CA + EP + MP, and sham groups using a simple randomization procedure.

Comparison of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) in Low-Pressure Versus Normal Pressure Pneumoperitoneum in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Study.

Low pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been advocated due to reduction in postoperative pain, ventilation problems, hemodynamic complications, and potential for reduction in surgical events. No reported data have been found focusing on the effects of low-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy on intracranial pressure (ICP). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-pressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy on intracranial pressure measured by optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in Imam Hossein Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.

Gabapentin as Add-On to Fentanyl and Midazolam in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized, Blinded Study.

Objective: Fentanyl and midazolam are popular drugs for sedation and analgesia in intensive care unit. Gabapentin has sedative and analgesic effects, as well. Our purpose was to study gabapentin addition to fentanyl and midazolam to reach the target sedation level in patients requiring mechanical ventilation.

Comparison of pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block with fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) for pain control in hip fractures: A double-blind prospective randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is a common regional analgesic strategy in hip fracture surgery but, recently it has been suggested that FICB may not provide enough analgesia. Pericapsular nerve group block (PENG) is a novel method for hip analgesia which its efficacy is not well established yet. The aim of this study was to the effect of the PENG block in the control of the hip fracture pain as well as to compare the effectiveness of the PENG compared with FICB.

Effect of Isolated Serum from Breast Cancer Patients with Pectoral Nerves Block on Breast Cancer Cell Line (MDA-MB-231) Apoptosis Index.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cause of cancer death in women. The thoracic pectoral nerve (PECS) block has been described as the gold standard analgesic modality for BC surgery. It has been previously reported that PECS is associated with decreased BC recurrence post-mastectomy.

Ultrasonographic Assessment of Metoclopramide Administration Effectiveness in Accelerating Gastric Emptying Before Urgent Surgery in Patients with Insufficient NPO Time.

Background: Aspiration is one of the important complications of general anesthesia, although infrequent as well as accompanying high morbidity and mortality. The volume of gastric content is considered as a risk factor in this regard. Therefore, it is normally mostly recommend to consider proper fasting time before induction of general anesthesia.

Maternal sciatic nerve administered bupivacaine induces hippocampal cell apoptosis in offspring.

Background: Bupivacaine, an amid-type local anesthetic, is widely used for clinical patients especially in pregnant women. In addition to neurotoxicity effect of bupivacaine, it can cross the placenta, accumulates in this tissue and retained in fetal tissues. Nevertheless, whether bupivacaine can cause neurotoxicity in fetus remains unclear.

The Relationship between Orotracheal Intubation Difficulty Scoring Systems and Anthropometric Factors.

Introduction: Although rare, but it is very important to understand that intubation will be difficult for which of the patients. Some scoring systems are available in this regard that influenced by many factors such as body anthropometric factors.

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between Mallampati score, biting the upper lip as well as 2-3-3 maneuver with body anthropometric factors in different population of society.

Educational Intervention Effect on Pain Management Quality in Emergency Department; a Clinical Audit.

Introduction: Pain is a frequent complaint of patients who are referred to the emergency department (ED), which is ignored or mismanaged and, almost always, approached in terms of determining the cause of pain instead of pain management. Pain management is a challenging issue in the ED.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of emergency resident's education about pain assessment and pain-relief drugs in the improvement in pain management.

Developing Cervical Hematoma Following Jaw Thrust Maneuver Triggered Diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review.

A 25-year-old man underwent an excision of a thigh mass under general anesthesia without any complication. After the operation, he developed oxygen desaturation requiring a jaw thrust maneuver. A rapidly expanding hematoma on the right side of the neck was formed shortly after the application of the maneuver.

Spontaneous Adrenal Hematoma in a Pregnant Woman; a Case Report.

Spontaneous adrenal hematoma is a very rare condition and its prevalence has been reported to be about 1% in previous studies. Although various causes have been proposed to explain its incidence in existing case reports, the etiology and pathology of this condition is still not known. The present study presents a case of spontaneous adrenal hematoma in a pregnant 31 year old womanwithout history of trauma or other probable risk factors of hemorrhage, presenting to the emergency department with chief complaint of pain in the right flank.

Intranasal Desmopressin Compared with Intravenous Ketorolac for Pain Management of Patients with Renal Colic Referring to the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: This double-blind randomized clinical trial aimed at comparing the effect of intranasal desmopressin with that of intravenous ketorolac in pain management of patients with renal colic referring to the emergency department.

Methods: The patients were randomly divided to two groups. One group received intravenous ketorolac 30 mg and intranasal normal saline, while, the other one received intranasal desmopressin 40 μg and 1 mL of intravenous distilled water.

The efficacy of local dexmedetomidine during fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation: A randomized clinical trial.

Background And Aims: The present study was designed and carried out aiming to evaluate the effects of local dexmedetomidine (Dex) on sedation rate and hemodynamic changes in candidate patients for fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation.

Material And Methods: Candidate patients for fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation were randomly divided into three groups including intravenous (IV) Dex group, local Dex group, and control group. Local anesthesia using lidocaine was performed in all patients.

The Effect of Perineural Administration of Dexmedetomidine on Narcotic Consumption and Pain Intensity in Patients Undergoing Femoral Shaft Fracture Surgery; A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial.

Dexmedetomidine is a selective α-2 adrenoceptor agonist with anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic properties that prolongs analgesia and decreases opioid-related side effects when used in neuraxial and perineural areas as a local anesthetics adjuvant. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of a single perineural administration of dexmedetomidine without local anesthetics on narcotic consumption and pain intensity in patients with femoral shaft fractures undergoing surgery. This prospective randomized single-blind clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing femoral fracture shaft surgery.

Efficacy of measuring procalcitonin levels in determination of prognosis and early diagnosis of bacterial resistance in sepsis.

Background: Rapid and proper diagnosis of sepsis is one of the daily challenges of emergency department (ED) and intensive care units. The general aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of measuring procalcitonin levels in the early diagnosis of bacterial resistance to antibiotics administered empirically in patients with sepsis.

Materials And Methods: The present cross-sectional study consisted of patients with clinical evidence of sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), referring to the ED of a third-level hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2012.

Effects of dexmedetomidine versus ketorolac as local anesthetic adjuvants on the onset and duration of infraclavicular brachial plexus block.

Background: Infraclavicular brachial plexus block is an appropriate approach for distal arm and forearm surgeries. Local anesthetic adjuvant agents are used to improve the quality of nerve blocks. Dexmedetomidine and ketorolac are two different types of adjuvants, which have been used in some studies.