Titanium dioxide -mediated regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, pigments, and diosgenin content promotes cold stress tolerance in Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Abiotic stresses, notably cold stress, significantly influence various aspects of plant development and reproduction. Various approaches have been proposed to counteract the adverse impacts of cold stress on plant productivity. The unique properties of nanoparticles contribute to an enhanced tolerance of plants to challenging conditions.

Characterizing reference genes for high-fidelity gene expression analysis under different abiotic stresses and elicitor treatments in fenugreek leaves.

Background: Quantifying gene expression is a critical aspect of applied genomics research across all organisms, and real-time PCR has emerged as a powerful tool for this purpose. However, selecting appropriate internal control genes for data normalization presents specific challenges. This study aimed to identify suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis under various conditions, encompassing salinity, low and high-temperature stresses, and different elicitor treatments.

The amelioration of salt stress-induced damage in fenugreek through the application of cold plasma and melatonin.

Nowadays, it is increasingly crucial to combine innovative approaches with established methods to enhance plant tolerance and maximize the production of beneficial compounds. With this aim in view, a study was carried out to investigate how different melatonin concentrations (0, 30, and 60 ppm), cold plasma treatment (at 3000 and 4000 V), and varying exposure durations (0, 1, 2, and 4 min) affect the physiological and biochemical attributes of fenugreek plants, as well as the levels of diosgenin under salinity stress. This study revealed that the application of 3000 V cold plasma for 2 min with 60 ppm melatonin by establishing cellular redox homeostasis in salinity-treated fenugreek plants, effectively prevented the destruction of pigments and reduced the electrolyte leakage index of malondialdehyde content.