Predicting long-term neurocognitive outcome after pediatric intensive care unit admission for bronchiolitis-preliminary exploration of the potential of machine learning.

Purpose: For successful prevention and intervention, it is important to unravel the complex constellation of factors that affect neurocognitive functioning after pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. This study aims (1) to elucidate the potential relevance of patient and PICU-related characteristics for long-term adverse neurocognitive outcome after PICU admission for bronchiolitis, and (2) to perform a preliminary exploration of the potential of machine learning as compared to linear regression to improve neurocognitive outcome prediction in a relatively small sample of children after PICU admission.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study investigated 65 children aged 6-12 years with previous PICU admission for bronchiolitis (age ≤ 1 year).

Long-Term Follow-Up of Daily Life Functioning After Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Admission.

Objective: To investigate the long-term impact of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission on daily life functioning while exploring the potential mediating role of neurocognitive outcome.

Study Design: This cross-sectional observational study compared children aged 6-12 years with previous PICU admission (age ≤1 year) for bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation ("patient group," n = 65) to demographically comparable healthy peers ("control group," n = 76). The patient group was selected because bronchiolitis is not expected to affect neurocognitive functioning in itself.

Structured Multidisciplinary Follow-Up After Pediatric Intensive Care: A Model for Continuous Data-Driven Health Care Innovation.

Objectives: Morbidity after PICU admission for critical illness is a growing concern. Sequelae may occur in various domains of functioning and can only appropriately be determined through structured follow-up. Here, we describe the process of designing and implementing a structured multidisciplinary follow-up program for patients and their parents after PICU admission and show the first results illustrating the significance of our program.

Long-term neurocognitive outcomes after pediatric intensive care: exploring the role of drug exposure.

Background: Concerns exist regarding the impact of widely used clinical drugs on brain development. This study investigates long-term neurocognitive functioning in relation to frequently used drug exposure at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).

Methods: This study compared children aged 6-12 years with previous PICU admission (age ≤1 year) for bronchiolitis requiring mechanical ventilation (patient group, n = 65) to a demographically comparable control group (n = 76) on a broad range of neurocognitive outcomes.

The Local and Systemic Exposure to Oxygen in Children With Severe Bronchiolitis on Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Oxygen supplementation is a cornerstone treatment in critically ill children with bronchiolitis in the PICU. However, potential deleterious effects of high-dose oxygen are well-known. In this study, we aim to describe the pulmonary (local) and arterial (systemic) oxygen exposure over the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in children with severe bronchiolitis.

Long-Term Pulmonary Outcomes in Children Mechanically Ventilated for Severe Bronchiolitis.

Objectives: Bronchiolitis is a common indication for mechanical ventilation in the PICU. Both bronchiolitis and invasive mechanical ventilation may cause adverse long-term pulmonary outcomes. This study investigates children with a history of invasive mechanical ventilation for bronchiolitis, addressing: 1) the extent, 2) potential explanatory factors, and 3) possible impact on daily life activities of adverse long-term pulmonary outcomes.

Intelligence outcome of pediatric intensive care unit survivors: a systematic meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Long-term morbidity after pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission is a growing concern. Both critical illness and accompanying PICU treatments may impact neurocognitive development as assessed by its gold standard measure; intelligence. This meta-analysis and meta-regression quantifies intelligence outcome after PICU admission and explores risk factors for poor intelligence outcome.

Accuracy of the Diagnosis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in a Referral-Based Health Care System.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a national database of a referral-based health care system, where preterm infants are often transferred back to regional hospitals before 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Study Design: We evaluated preterm infants <32 weeks, born between 2004 and 2008 in the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam with a high-risk profile for BPD. In addition to patient characteristics and outcomes, we collected data on respiratory support at 36 weeks PMA.