Publications by authors named "Eleonora Zamparini"

Background And Objective: Dalbavancin is increasingly used for the long-term treatment of chronic osteoarticular infections. A population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis for assessing the relationship between dalbavancin exposure and C-reactive protein (C-RP) over time was conducted.

Methods: Non-linear mixed-effect modeling was fitted to dalbavancin and C-RP concentrations.

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Dalbavancin is increasingly being used for long-term treatment of subacute and chronic staphylococcal infections. In this study, a new Bayesian model was implemented and validated using MwPharm software for accurately forecasting the duration of pharmacodynamic target attainment above the efficacy thresholds of 4.02 mg/L or 8.

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Article Synopsis
  • Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) and fracture-related infections (FRI) of the distal femur can lead to significant bone loss, and a two-stage treatment protocol utilizing articulated silver-coated megaprosthesis was studied.
  • A review of three institutions included 45 patients, showing an estimated 91.1% survival rate free from recurrence of infection two years after surgery, with complications primarily involving non-infection-related issues.
  • Significant findings indicated that a longer resection length negatively impacted infection control, while the initial diagnosis (PJI or FRI) did not significantly affect outcomes, affirming the safety and effectiveness of this treatment approach.
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Background: The treatment of shoulder prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) requiring removal of the prosthesis is not well defined. This article aims to systematically review and compare the results of the literature in single-stage and two-stage protocols in the treatment of shoulder PJI.

Methods: An in-depth search on PubMed/Scopus/Web of Science databases and cross-referencing search was carried out concerning the articles reporting detailed data on the topic.

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Introduction: Bone and joint infections (BJIs) are a major health concern causing remarkable morbidity and mortality. However, which antimicrobial treatment could be the best according to specific clinical scenarios and/or to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) features remains an unmet clinical need. This multidisciplinary opinion article aims to develop evidence-based algorithms for empirical and targeted antibiotic therapy of patients affected by BJIs.

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Objective: To describe the relationship between maintenance of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) dalbavancin efficacy thresholds over time and clinical outcome in a case series of patients who underwent therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during long-term treatment of staphylococcal osteoarticular infections (OIs).

Methods: Patients who received two 1500-mg doses of dalbavancin 1 week apart for documented staphylococcal OIs, underwent TDM assessment, and had clinical outcome assessable at follow-up were included retrospectively. Dalbavancin concentrations ≥4.

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Background: Two-stage exchange (TSE) arthroplasty is currently considered the gold standard for chronic periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), despite a failure rate reported in up to 10% of patients. Little is known about the risk factors that may compromise successful TSE arthroplasty management in such patients. The main purpose of the current study was to highlight the potential risk factors of patients with chronic PJIs after THA managed by implant removal, outlining the differences between reimplanted patients and those that were never reimplanted because of a non-eradicated infection.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The review identified 63 studies documenting 372 fPJI cases, mostly found in case reports and small series, highlighting challenges in diagnosis due to the slow progression of the infection and difficulties in obtaining fungal cultures.
  • * Results indicate a preference for a two-stage revision procedure for treatment, with variations in medical management, and underscore the need for more extensive, standardized multicenter studies to improve fPJI treatment protocols.
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Introduction: Guidelines have improved the management of prosthetic joint infections (PJI). However, it is necessary to reassess the incidence and risk factors for treatment failure (TF) of Staphylococcus aureus PJI (SA-PJI) including functional loss, which has so far been neglected as an outcome.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of SA-PJI was performed in 19 European hospitals between 2014 and 2016.

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Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) occurring in multiple joints at the same time (synchronous PJI) are an extremely rare complication, frequently associated with bacteremia, and are associated with high mortality rates. The presence of three or more prosthetic joints, rheumatoid arthritis, neoplasia, bacteremia and immune-modulating therapy seem to be the recurring risk factors for synchronous PJI. In case of PJIs, all other replaced joints should be considered as potentially infected and investigated if PJI is suspected.

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Background: Interest in shorter antimicrobial regimens and oral treatment for osteoarticular infections is growing. The aim of this study is to assess whether there is an association between the administration of an entirely oral antibiotic therapy (OT) and the clinical outcome of native vertebral osteomyelitis (NVOs).

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective, observational study on consecutive patients with pyogenic NVOs over a 10-year period (2008-2018).

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Article Synopsis
  • A population pharmacokinetic analysis of dalbavancin assessed its effectiveness in patients with various infections using non-linear mixed effect modeling and Monte Carlo simulations.
  • The study included 69 patients, mostly with bone and joint infections, and found that creatinine clearance was the key factor influencing dalbavancin clearance.
  • Results indicated that dosage adjustments based on renal function are crucial, with specific recommendations for single or double doses of 1000 mg or 1500 mg to ensure optimal effectiveness over different time periods.
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Imaging is needed for the diagnosis of bone and joint infections, determining the severity and extent of disease, planning biopsy, and monitoring the response to treatment. Some radiological features are pathognomonic of bone and joint infections for each modality used. However, imaging diagnosis of these infections is challenging because of several overlaps with non-infectious etiologies.

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Spondylodiscitis is an infectious process that requires numerous health care professionals to be clearly diagnosed and eventually successfully treated. It implies a variety of microbiological agents and conditions; during the diagnostic workup, it is difficult to correctly identify them, and the clinician has to rapidly choose the correct treatment to avoid permanent injuries to the patient. In this context, we conducted a review to better understand the most suitable use of Positron Emission Tomography with 18-Fluoro-deossi-glucose (FDG PET) in a patient suspected of spondylodiscitis, based on current guidelines and literature.

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Dalbavancin is gaining interest in the treatment of complex osteoarticular (OA) infections. To conduct a population pharmacokinetic analysis of dalbavancin in a prospective cohort of adult patients with Gram-positive OA infections and to identify optimal dosing regimens for long term-treatment. Non-linear mixed-effects modelling was performed with Monolix.

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Fosfomycin is gaining interest in the treatment of complex osteoarticular infections (OI) due to MDR pathogens. The aims were to conduct population pharmacokinetics of fosfomycin in a cohort of OI patients receiving 16g/daily by intermittent (II) or continuous infusion (CI), and to carry out Monte Carlo simulations for dosage optimization in the treatment of these infections. Patients underwent blood sampling on day 5 of therapy (2-3 serial samples).

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Purpose: (1) To evaluate the diagnostic testing performance of the synovial white blood cell (WBC) count, polymorphonuclear cell percentage, and synovial glucose, synovial protein, synovial lactate dehydrogenase, and synovial C-reactive protein levels as diagnostic markers for the diagnosis of septic arthritis after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction; (2) to define the ideal thresholds of the aforementioned tests, leading to the optimal sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy; and (3) to define the sensitivity of synovial fluid culture and synovial tissue sample culture, as well as determine whether previous antibiotic treatment may affect the accuracy of these tests.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients readmitted from January 2009 to September 2019 with signs suggestive of septic arthritis and undergoing a knee aspiration for synovial fluid analysis and culture. The receiver operating characteristic curve and the associated area under the curve were constructed for the aforementioned synovial markers.

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Introduction: We aim to evaluate the use of silver (PorAg) coated compared to uncoated prosthesis in two-stage revision for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) of distal femur and proximal tibia megaprosthesis in oncological patients.

Materials And Methods: In total, 68 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Median age was 30 years (range 14-83).

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections and represent a significant problem both from an epidemiological and clinical point of view. Moreover, they place a substantial financial burden on society. UTIs can be asymptomatic or symptomatic and are characterized by a wide spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild irritative voiding to bacteremia, sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock.

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Purpose: Antibiotic therapy in patients affected by discitis is often empirical. Therefore, early evaluation of response to therapy is important. In many patients inflammatory indexes are low during all the phases of the diseases or are altered by concomitant diseases.

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Objectives: Prolonged treatment with linezolid may cause toxicity. The purpose of this study was to define pharmacodynamic thresholds for improving safety outcomes of linezolid.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients who had trough (C(min)) and peak (C(max)) plasma levels measured during prolonged linezolid treatment.

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The objective of the present retrospective observational study carried out in patients receiving a standard dosage of linezolid and undergoing routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) was to assess the interindividual variability in plasma exposure, to identify the prevalence of attainment of optimal pharmacodynamics, and to define if an intensive program of TDM may be warranted in some categories of patients. Linezolid plasma concentrations (trough [C(min)] and peak [C(max)] levels) were analyzed by means of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and daily drug exposure was estimated (daily area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC(24)]). The final database included 280 C(min) and 223 C(max) measurements performed in 92 patients who were treated with the fixed 600-mg dose every 12 h (q12h) intravenously (n = 58) or orally (n = 34).

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