Correction: Stillbirths at Term: Case Control Study of Risk Factors, Growth Status and Placental Histology.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Active sleep is associated with the face preference in the newborns who familiarized with a responsive face.

Aim of this study was to investigate the preferential looking behaviour, subsequent to a familiarization task (8-min) with a previously responsive or motionless face, before and after a sleep cycle. Moreover, the role of the active sleep in memory consolidation of the responsive or motionless faces was explored. Hypotheses were that the newborns undergoing a motionless familiarization will exhibit a novelty effect (preference for the novel face) whereas the newborns undergoing a responsive familiarization will show a familiarity effect (preference for the known face) before and after the sleep cycle; moreover, the amount of active sleep will be associated with the looking time at the known face after a sleep cycle.

Stillbirths at Term: Case Control Study of Risk Factors, Growth Status and Placental Histology.

Objective: To investigate the proportion of stillbirths at term associated with abnormal growth using customized birth weight percentiles and to compare histological placental findings both in underweight stillborn fetuses and in live births.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study of 150 singleton term stillbirths. The livebirth control groups included 586 cases of low-risk pregnancies and 153 late fetal growth restriction fetuses.

Effects of different types of contingent tactile stimulation on crying, smiling, and sleep in newborns: an observational study.

Sleep, the brain and the ability to interact with the environment change a great deal over the first year of life; however, there are no studies on the possible influence of different environmental stimulations on the organization of subsequent sleep-wake cycles in infants. The hypothesis of this study was that greater continuity of contingent tactile stimulation decreases crying behavior, subsequent active sleep (AS) and its fragmentation, and increases smiling behavior and subsequent quiet sleep in newborns. Forty out of the 82 newborns (15- to 30-hr old) of the initial sample satisfied the inclusion criteria and completed the first cycle of sleep during the period between two feedings.

Newborn preference for a new face vs. a previously seen communicative or motionless face.

Newborn infants prefer to look at a new face compared to a known face (still-face). This effect does not happen with the mother-face. The newborns could be attracted by the mother-face because, unlike the still-face, it confirms an expectation of communication.

Smiling in newborns during communicative wake and active sleep.

Many studies have investigated infant smiling behaviour during wake and active sleep. In the majority of studies authors agreed that two month-old infants exhibit social smiles. However it is not clear if newborns exhibit different kinds of smiles during wake and active sleep to two month-old infants and if the communicative context can affect the quantity and quality of these smiles.