Vitamin D, parathormone, and insulin resistance in children born large for gestational age.

Background: Low vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels have been associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Children born large for gestational age (LGA) may exhibit increased indices of insulin resistance early in life.

Objective: This study aims to prospectively examine serum 25(OH)D and parathormone (iPTH) levels in LGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) prepubertal children, in relation to the severity of macrosomia and insulin resistance.

Epsilon-like waves and ventricular conduction abnormalities in subjects with type 1 ECG pattern of Brugada syndrome.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated an overlap between the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) and Brugada syndrome (BS). Conduction delay in the right ventricle has been demonstrated in both entities.

Objective: This study investigated specific ARVC/D electrocardiographic (ECG) markers in subjects with spontaneous or drug-induced type 1 ECG pattern of BS.

Orbital cavernous hemangioma in an infant with intracranial lesions: a case report.

Introduction: Cavernous hemangiomas of the orbit are benign vascular malformations, commonly encountered in adults. Although they are infrequent in pediatric population their diagnosis and course are of a great significance, mainly because they can cause visual disturbances such as amblyopia that can ensue, and secondarily due to their cosmetic and psychological effect. Special attention is required in follow up and treatment.

Growth factors and adipocytokines in prepubertal children born small for gestational age: relation to insulin resistance.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test whether being born small for gestational age (SGA) has an impact on adiponectin and leptin levels and the IGF system in relation to insulin sensitivity, taking into consideration the severity of growth restriction.

Research Design And Methods: Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, fasting glucose, fasting insulin (I(F)), the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), IGF-1, free IGF-1, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and -3, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were evaluated in 57 children at age 4-10 years. Of these, 32 had been born appropriate size for gestational age (AGA) and 25 SGA (14 in the <3rd percentile and 11 in the 3rd-10th percentile).

Serum adiponectin and leptin levels and insulin resistance in children born large for gestational age are affected by the degree of overweight.

Objective: Children born large for gestational age (LGA) are prone to develop insulin resistance later in life. One factor that affects insulin sensitivity is the hormone adiponectin. The aim of this study was to determine whether being LGA has an impact on serum adiponectin and leptin levels and insulin resistance parameters during childhood, taking into account the severity of overweight.

Serum adiponectin levels, insulin resistance, and lipid profile in children born small for gestational age are affected by the severity of growth retardation at birth.

Objective: Insulin resistance has been linked to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR); adiponectin is a protein with insulin-sensitizing properties. This study was designed to test whether being born small for gestational age (SGA) has an effect on blood levels of adiponectin and leptin, insulin resistance parameters, and lipid profile in pre-puberty, taking into consideration the severity of IUGR.

Methods: Serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, total cholesterol (t-CHOL), high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A-1 (Apo A-1), Apo B and Apo E, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), fasting glucose, and insulin (Ins), the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and anthropometric indices were evaluated in 70 children aged 6-8 years, born appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 35) and SGA (n = 35), matched for age, gender, height, and BMI.

Lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure, and obesity-anthropometric markers in macrosomic offspring of nondiabetic mothers.

Objective: The study was to determine whether being the macrosomic offspring of a mother without detected glucose intolerance during pregnancy has an impact on lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, and blood pressure during childhood.

Research Design And Methods: Plasma total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol; triglycerides; apolipoprotein (Apo) A-1, -B, and -E; lipoprotein (a); fasting glucose and insulin; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index; blood pressure; BMI; and detailed anthropometry were evaluated in 85 children aged 3-10 years old, born appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 48) and large for gestational age (LGA; n = 37) of healthy mothers.

Results: At the time of the assessment, body weight, height, skinfold thickness, BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure did not differ between the LGA and AGA groups with the exception of head circumference (P < 0.

Duplex collecting system diagnosed during the first 6 years of life after a first urinary tract infection: a study of 63 children.

Purpose: We determined the prevalence, anatomical variants and coexisting complications of duplex collecting systems in children with a history of UTI. Additionally, we compared the prevalence and severity of the coexisting anomalies with those found in single systems.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed the records of children younger than 6 years who were evaluated following a first UTI during a 9-year period to identify those with duplex systems.