Dermatological adverse events under programmed cell death-1 inhibitors as a prognostic marker in metastatic melanoma.

Melanoma is widely treated with programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. As part of their anti-tumor immunity effect, they increase the susceptibility to cutaneous immune-related adverse events (cIRAE) among other autoimmune effects. To characterize the manifestations of cIRAE in melanoma patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors, and evaluate the correlation with tumor response.

Injection site reactions with the use of biological agents.

Injection site reactions (ISRs) are a local phenomenon defined as a constellation of symptoms, including swelling, erythema, pruritus, and pain around the site of injection. This article reviews the different aspects of ISRs, including their epidemiology and pathogenesis, and provides practical guidance to diagnose and treat such reactions. More focus is given to food and drug administration (FDA)-approved biological agents and biosimilars, which are licensed mainly for the treatment of dermatological conditions, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria.

Prevalence of Sharing Access Credentials in Electronic Medical Records.

Objectives: Confidentiality of health information is an important aspect of the physician patient relationship. The use of digital medical records has made data much more accessible. To prevent data leakage, many countries have created regulations regarding medical data accessibility.

Lymphatic Dissemination in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Following Local Treatment.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is diverse in its clinical presentation but usually demonstrates an erythematous, infiltrated, ulcerated, and crusted papule or nodule in exposed areas of the body. Rare clinical features have been reported including lymphatic dissemination, usually with subcutaneous nodules along lymphatic channels. Herein, we present six patients suffering from Old World CL with lymphatic dissemination characterized by sporotrichoid subcutaneous nodules along the lymphatic channels draining the primary lesion.

An extraordinary colocalization of alopecia areata and vitiligo.

Although the association of alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo occurring in the same patient has been frequently reported in the literature, the colocalization of AA and vitiligo is very rare. We report for the first time an adult patient with anatomic concurrence of AA and vitiligo on the scalp. Even though both AA and vitiligo are thought to have the same underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms, the striking rarity of their colocalization challenges this postulated common pathogenesis, and raises the question if autoimmunity is responsible for only a fraction of AA or vitiligo.