Coronavirus disease 2019 in patients with inborn errors of immunity: An international study.

Background: There is uncertainty about the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in individuals with rare inborn errors of immunity (IEI), a population at risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019. This is relevant not only for these patients but also for the general population, because studies of IEIs can unveil key requirements for host defense.

Objective: We sought to describe the presentation, manifestations, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in IEI to inform physicians and enhance understanding of host defense against SARS-CoV-2.

Microbiome and Allergic Diseases.

Allergic diseases, such as respiratory, cutaneous, and food allergy, have dramatically increased in prevalence over the last few decades. Recent research points to a central role of the microbiome, which is highly influenced by multiple environmental and dietary factors. It is well established that the microbiome can modulate the immune response, from cellular development to organ and tissue formation exerting its effects through multiple interactions with both the innate and acquired branches of the immune system.

The establishment of cow's milk protein allergy in infants is related with a deficit of regulatory T cells (Treg) and vitamin D.

Background: Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common food allergy in infants. However, little is known about which specific immune mechanisms are related with the CMPA onset. The objective was to investigate which immune alterations constitute differential factors between allergy and tolerance, and hence could be implicated in the CMPA establishment in infants.

[A case study of anaphylaxis in a pregnant woman].

We report a case of anaphylaxis in a 35+5 week of pregnancy patient who came to the Emergency Room with shortness of breath, hypotension and loss on fetal wellbeing. Due to her medical history and given the clinical picture at that time, an anaphylactic shock was suggested as the most probable diagnose. The administration of dexchlorpheniramine and methylprednisolone resulted in an immediate and positive reaction.

Lipid and apoprotein profile in HIV-1-infected patients after CD4-guided treatment interruption.

Objectives: The aims of the present study were to determine if metabolic abnormalities and cytokine derangements are modified in HIV-1-infected patients after 12 months on treatment interruption (TI).

Design: The design of this study was prospective randomized study.

Methods: Longitudinal multicenter study in HIV-1-infected patients with a 12-month follow-up.

Immunological predictors of CD4+ T cell decline in antiretroviral treatment interruptions.

Background: The common response to stopping anti-HIV treatment is an increase of HIV-RNA load and decrease in CD4+, but not all the patients have similar responses to this therapeutic strategy. The aim was to identify predictive markers of CD4+ cell count declines to < 350/microL in CD4-guided antiretroviral treatment interruptions.

Methods: 27 HIV-infected patients participated in a prospective multicenter study in with a 24 month follow-up.

Short communication: Immune reconstitution after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in HIV-infected patients: might be better than expected?

We carried out a longitudinal study to analyze the immune recovery of four patients with aggressive HIV-associated lymphoma (HIV+ Ly+) treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We also studied three control non-HIV-infected patients with lymphoma (HIV-Ly+) and six HIV patients on HAART without lymphoma (HIV+ Ly-). After 12 months of follow-up, the HIV HIV+Ly+ patients reached the pre-ASCT CD4+ levels, despite a transient decrease after the ASCT.

Differential biological role of CD3 chains revealed by human immunodeficiencies.

The biological role in vivo of the homologous CD3gamma and delta invariant chains within the human TCR/CD3 complex is a matter of debate, as murine models do not recapitulate human immunodeficiencies. We have characterized, in a Turkish family, two new patients with complete CD3gamma deficiency and SCID symptoms and compared them with three CD3gamma-deficient individuals belonging to two families from Turkey and Spain. All tested patients shared similar immunological features such as a partial TCR/CD3 expression defect, mild alphabeta and gammadelta T lymphocytopenia, poor in vitro proliferative responses to Ags and mitogens at diagnosis, and very low TCR rearrangement excision circles and CD45RA(+) alphabeta T cells.

Different profiles of immune reconstitution in children and adults with HIV-infection after highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Background: Recent advances in characterizing the immune recovery of HIV-1-infected people have highlighted the importance of the thymus for peripheral T-cell diversity and function. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in immune reconstitution profiles after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) between HIV-children and adults.

Methods: HIV patients were grouped according to their previous clinical and immunological status: 9 HIV-Reconstituting-adults (HIV-Rec-adults) and 10 HIV-Reconstituting-children (HIV-Rec-children) on HAART with viral load (VL) or=500 cells/microL at least during 6 months before the study and CD4+ View Article and Find Full Text PDF

CD4(+) T-cell immunodeficiency is more dependent on immune activation than viral load in HIV-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between CD4(+) depletion and immune activation in HIV-1-infected children on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Design And Setting: We carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the profile of several immunologic parameters in 143 children on HAART for more than 24 weeks. Children were stratified according to current immunologic status (CD4 < or =15%, 15%-25%, and > or =25%) and viral load (VL) levels (<400 copies/mL; 400-10,000 copies/mL; and >10,000 copies/mL).