Publications by authors named "Elena Reale"
Article Synopsis
- Alternative plasticizers like DINCH, DEHTP, and DEHA are being used to replace phthalates in products due to reproductive concerns associated with phthalates.
- A study aimed to assess how well these substitutes are absorbed through human skin and confirmed the findings with human volunteer tests, measuring metabolite levels in urine.
- Results indicated that DEHTP and DINCH did not significantly penetrate the skin, while DEHA had minimal absorption; consequently, participants showed low levels of urinary metabolites after exposure.
Article Synopsis
- Population studies indicate that many people are exposed to phthalates, chemicals linked to various health concerns, making it crucial to understand how they are absorbed through the skin and eliminated from the body.
- This study specifically examines the skin permeation of three phthalates (d4-DEHP, d4-DBP, and d4-DEP) and found that they can cross the skin barrier and are metabolized into smaller forms called monoesters before being excreted in urine.
- Results revealed that phthalates in an emulsion (a mixture with PEG) were absorbed more effectively through the skin compared to their neat forms, with different absorption rates and urinary excretion patterns observed
Article Synopsis
- Human health risk assessment traditionally relies on animal testing, guided by OECD standards, but newer methods using human-relevant in vitro models and computational approaches are proving advantageous.
- The evolution of Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) emphasizes new methodologies and physiologically based kinetic (PBK) modeling, yet often overlooks the integration of human biomonitoring (HBM) data, which is key to enhancing risk assessment accuracy.
- Combining toxicokinetics, PBK models, and HBM data allows for a more comprehensive understanding of chemical exposure impacts, moving away from animal-based methods toward human-centered assessments that consider aggregate and cumulative exposures.
Background: Chemicals are not required to be tested systematically for their neurotoxic potency, although they may contribute to the development of several neurological diseases. The absence of systematic testing may be partially explained by the current Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Test Guidelines, which rely on animal experiments that are expensive, laborious, and ethically debatable. Therefore, it is important to understand the risks to exposed workers and the general population exposed to domestic products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) comprise several different chemical families used mainly as additives in many everyday products. SVOCs can be released into the air as aerosols and deposit on particulate matter during use by dispersion, evaporation, or abrasion. Phthalates are SVOCs of growing concern due to their endocrine-disrupting effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkin Absorption of Bisphenol A and Its Alternatives in Thermal Paper.
Ann Work Expo Health
March 2021
Objectives: Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most used colour developer in thermal paper for cashiers receipts, labels, and tickets. BPA can migrate onto the skin and be absorbed when handling these papers. BPA is a known endocrine disruptor and is therefore being replaced in thermal paper by some alternatives such as Bisphenol S (BPS), D-8, and Pergafast 201® (PF201).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBisphenol A (BPA) is the most used color developer in thermal paper products such as cashiers' receipts, followed by Bisphenol S (BPS), Wincon 8 (D-8), and Pergafast 201 (PF201). These chemicals can migrate from the paper onto the skin and possibly be absorbed and metabolized. Until now, D-8 and PF201 have not been analyzed in biological matrices, nor has a method been developed to simultaneously quantify them, even though they are often found as mixtures.
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