Subpar reporting of pre-analytical variables in RNA-focused blood plasma studies.

Extracellular RNA (cell-free RNA; exRNA) from blood-derived liquid biopsies is an appealing, minimally invasive source of disease biomarkers. As pre-analytical variables strongly influence exRNA measurements, their reporting is essential for meaningful interpretation and replication of results. The aim of this review was to chart to what extent pre-analytical variables are documented, to pinpoint shortcomings and to improve future reporting.

Spontaneous Graft-Induced Dyskinesias Are Independent of 5-HT Neurons and Levodopa Priming in a Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Background: The risk of graft-induced dyskinesias (GIDs) presents a major challenge in progressing cell transplantation as a therapy for Parkinson's disease. Current theories implicate the presence of grafted serotonin neurons, hotspots of dopamine release, neuroinflammation and established levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

Objective: To elucidate the mechanisms of GIDs.