Generation of all randomizations using circuits.

After a rich history in medicine, randomized control trials (RCTs), both simple and complex, are in increasing use in other areas, such as web-based A/B testing and planning and design of decisions. A main objective of RCTs is to be able to measure parameters, and contrasts in particular, while guarding against biases from hidden confounders. After careful definitions of classical entities such as contrasts, an algebraic method based on circuits is introduced which gives a wide choice of randomization schemes.

The role of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of bacterial infection after major abdominal surgery: Advantage from daily measurement.

Postsurgical infections represent an important cause of morbidity after abdominal surgery. The microbiological diagnosis is not achieved in at least 30% of culture with consequent worsening of patient outcome. In this study, procalcitonin measurement, during the first 3 days after abdominal surgery, has been evaluated for the early diagnosis of postsurgical infection.