Beyond the Limits: How to Avoid a Surgical Nightmare in the Third and Subsequent Renal Transplantation Procedures.

Purpose Of Review: Approximately, 25% of the patients with ESRD will enter the waiting list for kidney transplantation. Among these patients, almost 15% will require a retransplantation surgery. This review aims to summarize the most recent information on different controversial issues regarding retransplantation, to provide the reader with a clear and updated view on the topic.