Catalyst Halogenation Enables Rapid and Efficient Polymerizations with Visible to Far-Red Light.

The driving of rapid polymerizations with visible to near-infrared light will enable nascent technologies in the emerging fields of bio- and composite-printing. However, current photopolymerization strategies are limited by long reaction times, high light intensities, and/or large catalyst loadings. The improvement of efficiency remains elusive without a comprehensive, mechanistic evaluation of photocatalysis to better understand how composition relates to polymerization metrics.