Transcription factor c-Rel is indispensable for generation of thymic but not of peripheral Foxp3 regulatory T cells.

The transcription factor c-Rel has been shown to be crucial for development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Recent studies have reported that the expression of transcription factor Helios in Foxp3 Tregs correlates with thymic origin of these cells (tTregs). Notably, we found that only the HeliosFoxp3 Treg cell population was substantially reduced in c-Rel deficient mice.

Prevention of colitis-associated cancer by selective targeting of immunoproteasome subunit LMP7.

Chronic inflammation is a well-known risk factor in development of intestinal tumorigenesis, although the exact mechanisms underlying development of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) still remain obscure. The activity and function of immunoproteasome has been extensively analyzed in the context of inflammation and infectious diseases. Here, we show that the proteasomal immunosubunit LMP7 plays an essential role in development of CAC.