Implication of inflammation on Coxsackie virus and Adenovirus receptor expression on cardiomyocytes and the role of platelets in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Background: Coxsackie Virus and Adenovirus Receptor (CXADR or CAR) is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We aimed to examine the relationship of CAR expression on platelets and cardiomyocytes with virus persistence, local and systemic inflammation and platelet activity in patients with DCM.

Methods: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) samples of 38 patients (mean age 39.

To clot or not to clot? Ad is the question-Insights on mechanisms related to vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia.

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) has caused global concern. VITT is characterized by thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following COVID-19 vaccinations with the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and the Janssen Ad26.COV2.

Platelet-adenovirus vs. inert particles interaction: effect on aggregation and the role of platelet membrane receptors.

Platelets are involved in host defense via clearance of bacteria from the circulation, interaction with virus particles, and uptake of various size particulates. There is a growing interest in micro- and nanoparticles for drug delivery and there is evidence that the properties of these particles critically influence their interaction and uptake by various tissues and cells including platelets. Virus mediated gene therapy applications are still challenged by the resultant thrombocytopenia and the mechanism(s) of platelet-foreign particles interaction remains unclear.

Human platelets express CAR with localization at the sites of intercellular interaction.

Adenovirus has a wide tissue tropism. The virus attaches to the surface of cells via the fiber protein knob binding to the Coxsackie and Adenovirus receptor known as CAR. Virus entry inside cells is facilitated by integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5.