Innate lymphoid cell recovery and occurrence of GvHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Lymphocytes are essential for microbial immunity, tumor surveillance, and tissue homeostasis. However, the in vivo development and function of helper-like innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in humans remain much less well understood than those of T, B, and NK cells. We monitored hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to determine the kinetics of ILC development in both children and adults.

Imbalance favoring follicular helper T cells over IL10 regulatory B cells is detrimental for the kidney allograft.

A high frequency of regulatory B (Breg) cells, generally transitional B cells, has been associated with long-term kidney allograft survival and operational tolerance. However, circulating follicular helper T cells (cTfh) correlate with graft rejection. In order to better understand the interplay between these cell subsets and to determine their association with graft outcome we studied transitional and IL10 Breg cells, as well as cTfh, pre- and post-transplantation in a prospective cohort of 200 kidney transplant recipients and in healthy volunteers.

Donor helper innate lymphoid cells are replaced earlier than lineage positive cells and persist long-term in human intestinal grafts - a descriptive study.

Intestinal grafts carry large donor lymphoid load that is replaced by recipient cells. The dynamics of this process may influence the tolerance, rejection or graft-versus-host disease. We analysed distribution and turnover of T and B (Lin+) lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) and helper innate lymphoid cells (hILC) in intestinal epithelium (IEp) and lamina propia (LP) from a long-term cohort of eight intestinal recipients and from a single patient monitored deeply during the first 8 months post-transplant (posTx).

Number and function of circulatory helper innate lymphoid cells are unaffected by immunosuppressive drugs used in solid organ recipients - a single centre cohort study.

In transplanted intestines, depletion of T cells together with long-term persistence of ILC is observed, suggesting ILC insensitivity to immunosuppressive drugs. To further analyze helper ILC (hILC) apparent resistance to therapy, cytotoxic ILC (NK cells), hILC subsets (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC precursors (ILCP)), and their signature cytokines (IFNγ, IL4 + IL13, and IL22) were analyzed in peripheral blood of kidney and liver transplant recipients. Early after transplantation (posTx), transplanted patients showed significantly lower Lin + and NK cells, whereas total hILC, ILC1, ILC2, and ILCP numbers were similar in patients and controls.

Donor-Specific Antibodies in Pediatric Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation: The Role of Liver and Human Leukocyte Antigen Mismatching.

Rejection is one of the most important drawbacks for graft and patient survival in intestinal and multivisceral transplantation. However, there is no consensus on the diagnostic criteria for humoral rejection, and the literature about the role of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) on allograft outcome and the risk factors that contribute to their development is scant with contradictory results. The present study analyzes the role of DSA exclusively in a pediatric cohort of 43 transplants.

Longitudinal profile of circulating T follicular helper lymphocytes parallels anti-HLA sensitization in renal transplant recipients.

Antibody-mediated rejection is responsible for 30%-50% of renal graft failures. Differentiation of B cells into antibody-producing plasmablasts depends on the collaboration of follicular helper T cells (Tfh). We analyzed circulating Tfh (cTfh) in kidney recipients and studied cTfh relationship with anti-HLA antibody production and graft outcome.