Fully Human Herpesvirus-Specific Neutralizing IgG Antibodies Generated by EBV Immortalization of Splenocytes-Derived from Immunized Humanized Mice.

Antiviral neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are commonly derived from B cells developed in immunized or infected animals and humans. Fully human antibodies are preferred for clinical use as they are potentially less immunogenic. However, the function of B cells varies depending on their homing pattern and an additional hurdle for antibody discovery in humans is the source of human tissues with an immunological microenvironment.

Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles activate primary monocytes.

Tumor cells educate immune effector cells in their vicinity by releasing factors that manipulate their phenotype and function. In fact, the thus generated immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment constitutes an integral part and a hallmark of solid tumors and contributes significantly to tumor development and immune escape. It has long been thought that soluble factors like prostaglandin E2 and TGF-β are the main mediators of these effects.