A phenotypic study of the resistome in a peri-urban ecosystem.

Since the discovery of antibiotics, the dispersion of resistance genes has increased exponentially, leading to the current state in which it has become increasingly difficult to achieve an effective treatment for infectious diseases. The enormous capacity for genetic exchange between microorganisms is causing resistance genes to be able to reach all environments, even those where there is no anthropogenic impact or exposure to these drugs. In this work, a phenotypic study of the resistome has been conducted in a peri-urban ecosystem (Granada, Spain), wherein the resistance to 32 antibiotics of 710 bacterial strains isolated from 70 samples from different ecological niches with varying levels of exposure to antibiotics and anthropic action has been determined.

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity: Clinical presentation, etiology and differential diagnosis.

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is the latest pathology incorporated into the group of gluten-related disorders. This review addresses the evidence on its etiology, differential diagnosis and symptomatology. Although NCGS is defined by a reaction to gluten, other possible etiopathogenic mechanisms have been described, such as an inadequate response to other components of wheat or to FODMAPs, with the term non-celiac sensitivity to wheat recently being extended.

Earthquake-Induced Injuries: Retrospective Epidemiological Analysis of the 2015 Hindu Kush Earthquake in Pakistan.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze retrospectively the earthquake-induced injuries caused by the October 2015 Hindu Kush earthquake in Pakistan. This is the first population-based study to assess epidemiologically earthquake-induced injuries in the Hindu Kush region, one of the world's most mountainous and seismically active regions. Unfortunately, only limited studies have investigated the earthquake-induced injuries and deaths in the region epidemiologically.

Frequency of potentially inappropriate prescriptions in older people at discharge according to Beers and STOPP criteria.

Background: Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) are frequent, generate negative outcomes, and are to a great extent avoidable. Although there is general agreement about the definition of PIP, how to measure them is a matter of debate.

Objective: Our aim was to measure the frequency of PIP in older people at hospital discharge using two sets of criteria--Beers (2012 update) and STOPP.

Prevalence of hepatitis A virus in bivalve molluscs sold in Granada (Spain) fish markets.

Viruses are the leading cause of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of raw or slightly cooked contaminated shellfish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis A virus in molluscs. Standard and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction procedures were used to monitor bivalve molluscs from the Granada fish markets (southern Spain) for this human enteric virus.

The association of age, sex and helmet use with the risk of death for occupants of two-wheeled motor vehicles involved in traffic crashes in Spain.

Background: This study was designed to separate the association of age, sex and helmet use with the risk of death for occupants of two-wheeled motor vehicles (TWMV) involved in crashes into its two theoretical components: severity of the crash and occupant resilience.

Methods: We analyzed the retrospective cohort comprising all 48 016 pairs of drivers and passengers aged 14 years or more in TWMV involved in crashes with victims in Spain from 1993 to 2007 recorded in the Spanish traffic crash registry. The outcome (death or survival), age, sex and helmet use was known for both occupants.

Association of age, sex and seat belt use with the risk of early death in drivers of passenger cars involved in traffic crashes.

Background: This study was designed to break down the association of age, sex and seat belt use with risk of death for drivers of automobiles involved in a crash into two theoretical components: intrinsic severity of the crash and occupant resilience.

Methods: We studied all 84,338 pairs of drivers and front-seat passengers aged > or = 18 years in passenger cars involved in traffic crashes with victims recorded in the Spanish traffic crash registry between 2000 and 2004. Relative risks (RR) for the association of age, male sex and non-seat belt use with risk of death were calculated with Poisson conditional and unconditional multiple regression models.

Bactericidal activity of phosphoric acid, citric acid, and EDTA solutions against Enterococcus faecalis.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for Enterococcus faecalis of phosphoric acid, citric acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solutions, and to determine the contact time required for 2.5% and 5% phosphoric acid, 10% and 25% citric acid, and 17% EDTA to exert bactericidal activity.

Study Design: Bactericidal activity was tested by means of the dilution neutralization method in accordance with BS-EN-1040:2005 norm, using contact times of 0.

[Effect of environmental factors on the risk of death for drivers of two-wheeled motorized vehicles involved in road crashes].

Objectives: To assess the effect of environmental factors on the risk of death for drivers of two-wheeled motorized vehicles (TWMV) after a crash.

Methods: We studied a case series comprising all 309,626 drivers of TWMV involved in road crashes with victims compiled by the Spanish Department of Transportation from 1993 to 2002. The dependent variable was death of the driver.