Selective Laser Spectroscopy of the Bixbyite-Type Yttrium Scandate Doped by Rare-Earth Ions.

Yttrium scandate crystals doped by Nd and Tm ions have been successfully grown in the form of fibers using the laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. The selective laser spectroscopy methods have identified and distinguished three distinct types of optically active centers associated with Nd and Tm ions. The substitution of Y and Sc for rare-earth ions in the structural site leads to the formation of two distinct basic long-time centers.

The influence of the Sc dopant on the transmittance of (Y, Er)AlO ceramics.

High erbium content yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) and yttrium scandium aluminum garnet (Er:YSAG) ceramics have been fabricated from Er:YAG and Er:YSAG powders, respectively. The powders have been synthesized a reverse precipitation technique, processed by uniaxial pressing followed by cold isostatic pressing, and sintered in a vacuum. TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) was used as a sintering additive.

Mortality and economic burden of Krasnoyarsk region, Russia, caused by regular tobacco usage.

Background: This study assesses mortality and economic burden due to the regular tobacco usage among the population of the Krasnoyarsk region of the Russian Federation. This territory was chosen for the analysis because of two factors: high smoking prevalence in the Krasnoyarsk region (46% among the adult population) and premature mortality of the working-age population, which leads to a significant burden to the federal budget of the Russian Federation.

Data Sources: In our work, three main causes of smoking-related deaths were considered: cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and COPD.

Epidemiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based study in Krasnoyarsk region, Russia.

Background: Krasnoyarsk region is a territory with the widespread risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as tobacco smoke, air pollution, and occupational exposure. An assessment of COPD prevalence based on medical diagnosis statistics underestimates the true COPD prevalence. This study aims to evaluate how medical examinations may increase the accuracy of estimates of COPD prevalence.