Tonic Cold Pain Temporal Summation and Translesional Cold Pressor Test-Induced Pronociception in Spinal Cord Injury: Association with Spontaneous and Below-Level Neuropathic Pain.

: Although increased nociceptive excitability and deficient endogenous pain modulation are considered key features of pronociception and central sensitization, their contribution to neuropathic pain (NP) characteristics in SCI is unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize tonic cold perception and endogenous pain modulation in individuals with and without SCI-NP, considering the stage and severity of SCI and, secondarily, NP phenotype. : Temporal summation of pain (TSP) and neuropathic features were assessed using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and Douleur Neuropathique 4 screening questionnaire (DN4) during the tonic cold pressor test (CPT, 12 °C 60 s) applied to the dominant hand and foot.

Lack of inter-muscular coherence of axial muscles in Pisa syndrome.

Background: Pisa syndrome is a lateral deviation of the trunk described in Parkinson's disease (PD). Its etiology is still unknown; advanced muscular signal analysis techniques, such as inter-muscular coherence, could help clarifying its pathophysiology and suggest therapeutic strategies.

Methods: Fourteen idiopathic PD subjects with a lateral deviation of the trunk of at least 10° were included.