Identification of a HIV-1 circulating BF1 recombinant form (CRF75_BF1) of Brazilian origin that also circulates in Southwestern Europe.

Introduction: The high recombinogenic potential of HIV-1 has resulted in the generation of countless unique recombinant forms (URFs) and around 120 reported circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Here we identify through analyses of near full-length genomes (NFLG) a new HIV-1 CRF derived from subtypes B and F1.

Methods: HIV-1 protease-reverse transcriptase (Pr-RT) sequences were obtained by RT-PCR amplification from plasma RNA.

SARAF overexpression impairs thrombin-induced Ca homeostasis in neonatal platelets.

Neonatal platelets present a reduced response to the platelet agonist, thrombin (Thr), thus resulting in a deficient Thr-induced aggregation. These alterations are more pronounced in premature newborns. Here, our aim was to uncover the causes underneath the impaired Ca homeostasis described in neonatal platelets.

West Nile virus emergence in humans in Extremadura, Spain 2020.

In Spain, the largest human West Nile virus (WNV) outbreak among humans was reported in 2020, constituting the second most important outbreak in Europe that season. Extremadura (southwestern Spain) was one of the affected areas, reporting six human cases. The first autochthonous human case in Spain was reported in Extremadura in 2004, and no other human cases were reported until 2020.

CAPN1 (Calpain1)-Dependent Cleavage of STIM1 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 1) Results in an Enhanced SOCE (Store-Operated Calcium Entry) in Human Neonatal Platelets.

Background: Altered intracellular Ca homeostasis in neonatal platelets has been previously reported. This study aims to examine the changes in the Ca entry through the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mechanism in neonatal platelets.

Methods: Human platelets from either control women, mothers, and neonates were isolated and, following, were fixed after being treated as required.

Factors associated with HIV-1 resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors in Spain: Implications for dolutegravir-containing regimens.

Integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-containing regimens in HIV-1-infected patients have experienced a global increase. Recently, WHO has emphasized the need to fast-track the transition to dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral (ARV) treatments. However, continued surveillance of INSTI resistance is recommended.

Viruses Previously Identified in Brazil as Belonging to HIV-1 CRF72_BF1 Represent Two Closely Related Circulating Recombinant Forms, One of Which, Designated CRF122_BF1, Is Also Circulating in Spain.

Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are important components of the HIV-1 pandemic. Those derived from recombination between subtype B and subsubtype F1, with 18 reported, most of them of South American origin, are among the most diverse. In this study, we identified a HIV-1 BF1 recombinant cluster that is expanding in Spain, transmitted mainly heterosexual contact, which, analyzed in near full-length genomes in four viruses, exhibited a coincident BF1 mosaic structure, with 12 breakpoints, that fully coincided with that of two viruses (10BR_MG003 and 10BR_MG005) from Brazil, previously classified as CRF72_BF1.

The Origin, Epidemiology, and Phylodynamics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 CRF47_BF.

CRF47_BF is a circulating recombinant form (CRF) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of AIDS. CRF47_BF represents one of 19 CRFx_BFs and has a geographic focus in Spain, where it was first identified in 2010. Since its discovery, CRF47_BF has expanded considerably in Spain, predominantly through heterosexual contact (∼56% of the infections).

Transmission Clusters, Predominantly Associated With Men Who Have Sex With Men, Play a Main Role in the Propagation of HIV-1 in Northern Spain (2013-2018).

Viruses of HIV-1-infected individuals whose transmission is related group phylogenetically in transmission clusters (TCs). The study of the phylogenetic relations of these viruses and the factors associated with these individuals is essential to analyze the HIV-1 epidemic. In this study, we examine the role of TCs in the epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in Galicia and the Basque County, two regions of northern Spain.

Parental Attachment and Peer Relationships in Adolescence: A Systematic Review.

According to attachment theory, children's early experiences with their primary caregivers, in terms of protection and security, are the basis for socioemotional development and for the establishment of close relationships throughout their lives. During adolescence, friends and peers become a primary developmental environment, and thereby establishing quality bonds with peers will foster good psychological adjustment. The aim of the present study was to review the evidence on the relation of parental attachment to the quality of peer relationships during adolescence.

Executive summary of the consensus document of the HIV quality of care indicators. GESIDA updated.

This article aims to review the main information taken into account for the update of the GESIDA PLWH quality indicators. Finally 54 indicators covering a major part of the clinical activity in PLWH were defined. They evaluate the detection and diagnosis of PLWH, their follow-up and prevention, initiation and adaptation of ART, women's specific aspects, comorbidities, hospitalization, and AIDS-related mortality.

ATLAS2030 Pediatric Gait Exoskeleton: Changes on Range of Motion, Strength and Spasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy. A Case Series Study.

Cerebral Palsy (CP), the most common motor disability in childhood, affects individual's motor skills, movement and posture. This results in limited activity and a low social participation. The ATLAS2030 exoskeleton is a pediatric device that enables gait rehabilitation for children with neurological or neuromuscular pathologies with gait pathology.

Identification of CRF66_BF, a New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form of South American Origin.

Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) are important components of the HIV-1 pandemic. Among 110 reported in the literature, 17 are BF1 intersubtype recombinant, most of which are of South American origin. Among these, all 5 identified in the Southern Cone and neighboring countries, except Brazil, derive from a common recombinant ancestor related to CRF12_BF, which circulates widely in Argentina, as deduced from coincident breakpoints and clustering in phylogenetic trees.

Gait-assisted exoskeletons for children with cerebral palsy or spinal muscular atrophy: A systematic review.

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) are common causes of motor disability in childhood. Gait exoskeletons are currently being used as part of rehabilitation for children with walking difficulties.

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy and describe the main characteristics of the clinical articles using robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) with exoskeleton for children with CP or SMA.

Identification of CRF89_BF, a new member of an HIV-1 circulating BF intersubtype recombinant form family widely spread in South America.

Circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) contribute substantially to the HIV-1 pandemic. Among 105 CRFs described in the literature, 16 are BF intersubtype recombinants, most of South American origin, of which CRF12_BF is the most widely spread. A BF recombinant cluster identified in Bolivia was suggested to represent a new CRF_BF.

Genetic Diversity and Drug Resistance Mutations in Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Genes of HIV-1 Isolates from Southwestern Siberia.

The analysis of a gene fragment encoding protease and part of reverse transcriptase was carried out for 55 sera collected in 2016 and 2018 from HIV-1-infected patients diagnosed in 2014-2018 living in the south of Western Siberia, Russia: Altai Territory ( = 11), Republic of Altai ( = 15), Kemerovo region ( = 18), and Novosibirsk region ( = 11). CRF63_02A was the dominant genetic form (>70%) in the Altai Territory and Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions, with subsubtype A6 comprising <30% of samples. In the Altai Republic, subsubtype A6 was predominant (53%), with 33% of viruses belonging to CRF63_02A.

Identification of a New HIV-1 BC Intersubtype Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF108_BC) in Spain.

The extraordinary genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M has led to the identification of 10 subtypes, 102 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and numerous unique recombinant forms. Among CRFs, 11 derived from subtypes B and C have been identified in China, Brazil, and Italy. Here we identify a new HIV-1 CRF_BC in Northern Spain.

Natural killer cells in recurrent miscarriage: An overview.

Recurrent Miscarriage is an early pregnancy complication which affects about 1-3 % of child-bearing couples. The mechanisms involved in the occurrence of recurrent miscarriages are not clearly understood. In the last decade Natural Killer cells have been studied in peripheral blood and uterus in order to determine if there are specific characteristics of Natural Killer cells associated with miscarriage.

Diverse Large HIV-1 Non-subtype B Clusters Are Spreading Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Spain.

In Western Europe, the HIV-1 epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) is dominated by subtype B. However, recently, other genetic forms have been reported to circulate in this population, as evidenced by their grouping in clusters predominantly comprising European individuals. Here we describe four large HIV-1 non-subtype B clusters spreading among MSM in Spain.

Emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in mothers on treatment with a history of prophylaxis in Ghana.

Background: Antiretrovirals have been available in Ghana since 2003 for HIV-1 positive pregnant women for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Suboptimal responses to treatment observed post-PMTCT interventions necessitated the need to investigate the profile of viral mutations generated. This study investigated HIV-1 drug resistance profiles in mothers in selected centres in Ghana on treatment with a history of prophylaxis.

Classical test theory and item response theory produced differences on estimation of reliable clinical index in World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.

Objective: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 is currently one of the most used instruments in disability assessment. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinically reliable change of WHODAS 2.

Involvement of stanniocalcins in the deregulation of glycaemia in obese mice and type 2 diabetic patients.

Stanniocalcins are expressed in the pancreas tissue, and it was suggested a direct correlation between circulating insulin and STC2 concentrations in human. Here, we show a significant correlation between STC1 and both glycaemia and glycosylated haemoglobin among DM2 patients, while DM2 patients who present the greatest glycosylated haemoglobin values exhibited the lowest STC2 expression. However, treatment of patients with antiglycaemic drugs does not significantly modify the expression of both STCs.