Background: Current guidelines for antiretroviral (ARV) therapy recommend at least triple-drug combination, the so-called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Not all patients respond to HAART and the development of drug resistance remains one of the most serious obstacles to sustained suppression of HIV.
Objective: In an attempt to correlate the HIV therapeutic failure with reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease resistance mutations, we describe the ARV resistance profile in patients failing HAART in Brazil.