Reconstruction of Soft Biological Tissues Using Laser Soldering Technology with Temperature Control and Biopolymer Nanocomposites.

Laser soldering is a current biophotonic technique for the surgical recovery of the integrity of soft tissues. This technology involves the use of a device providing laser exposure to the cut edges of the wound with a solder applied. The proposed solder consisted of an aqueous dispersion of biopolymer albumin (25 wt.

Does electrophilic activation of nitroalkanes in polyphosphoric acid involve formation of nitrile oxides?

The mechanistic rationale involving activation of nitroalkanes towards interaction with nucleophilic reagents in the presence of polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was re-evaluated. Could nitrile oxide moieties be formed during this process? This experiment demonstrates that at least in some cases this could happen, as generated nitrile oxides were successfully intercepted as adducts of [3 + 2] cycloadditions.

Improved Method for Preparation of 3-(1-Indol-3-yl)benzofuran-2(3)-ones.

3-(1-Indol-3-yl)benzofuran-2(3)-ones were efficiently accessed via polyphosphoric acid-mediated condensation of 3-(2-nitrovinyl)-1-indoles with phenols.

Direct Conversion of 3-(2-Nitroethyl)-1-Indoles into 2-(1-Indol-2-yl)Acetonitriles.

The recently discovered [4+1]-spirocyclization of nitroalkenes to indoles provided a convenient new approach to 2-(1-indol-2-yl)acetonitriles. However, this reaction was complicated by the formation of inert 3-(2-nitroethyl)-1-indole byproducts. Herein, we offer a workaround this problem that allows for effective transformation of the unwanted byproducts into acetonitrile target molecules.

WDR37 syndrome: identification of a distinct new cluster of disease-associated variants and functional analyses of mutant proteins.

Missense variants located in the N-terminal region of WDR37 were recently identified to cause a multisystemic syndrome affecting neurological, ocular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cardiac development. WDR37 encodes a WD40 repeat-containing protein of unknown function. We identified three novel WDR37 variants, two likely pathogenic de novo alleles and one inherited variant of uncertain significance, in individuals with phenotypes overlapping those previously reported but clustering in a different region of the protein.

Electrophilically Activated Nitroalkanes in Double Annulation of [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-]quinolines and 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Rings.

Nitroalkanes activated with polyphosphoric acid could serve as efficient electrophiles in reactions with amines and hydrazines, enabling various cascade transformations toward heterocyclic systems. This strategy was developed for an innovative synthetic protocol employing simultaneous or sequential annulation of two different heterocyclic cores, affording [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-]quinolines with 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituents.

Comprehensive phenotypic and functional analysis of dominant and recessive FOXE3 alleles in ocular developmental disorders.

The forkhead transcription factor FOXE3 is critical for vertebrate eye development. Recessive and dominant variants cause human ocular disease but the full range of phenotypes and mechanisms of action for the two classes of variants are unknown. We identified FOXE3 variants in individuals with congenital eye malformations and carried out in vitro functional analysis on selected alleles.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4,5-di-bromo-2-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,7a-octa-hydro-1-4,6-ep-oxy-1-cyclo-penta-[]pyridin-1-one.

The mol-ecule of the title compound, CHBrNO, comprises a fused tricyclic system consisting of two five-membered rings (cyclo-pentane and tetra-hydro-furan) and one six-membered ring (tetra-hydro-pyridinone). Both five-membered rings of the tricyclic system have envelope conformations, and the conformation of the six-membered cycle is inter-mediate between chair and half-chair. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π, C-Br⋯π and C⋯O inter-actions into double layers.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of ()-3-hy-droxy-2-{[(3a,6,7a)-2-(4-methyl-phenyl-sulfon-yl)-2,3,3a,6,7,7a-hexa-hydro-3a,6-ep-oxy-1-isoindol-6-yl]meth-yl}isoindolin-1-one.

The title compound, CHNOS, crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules ( and ) in the asymmetric unit. In the central ring systems of both mol-ecules, the tetra-hydro-furan rings adopt envelope conformations, the pyrrolidine rings adopt a twisted-envelope conformation and the six-membered ring is in a boat conformation. In mol-ecules and , the nine-membered groups attached to the central ring system are essentially planar (r.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of ethyl (4,4a)-2-methyl-5,8-dioxo-6-phenyl-4a,5,6,7,7a,8-hexa-hydro-4-furo[2,3-]iso-indole-4-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, CHNO, the central six-membered ring has a slightly distorted half-chair conformation, with puckering parameters of = 0.3387 (11) Å, θ = 49.11 (19)° and φ = 167.

Synthesis of 8-phenyl substituted 3-benzazecines with allene moiety, their thermal rearrangement and evaluation as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

Various 4'-R-substituted phenyl azacyclic allenes were synthesized in good yields, and their thermal transformations were studied. For the first time, the obtained rearrangement products-new N-bridged cyclopenta[a]indenes, and the corresponding parent allenes were evaluated as potential inhibitors of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Among the tested compounds, the allene derivative 2g proved to competitively inhibit human AChE with inhibition constant value (K) in the low micromolar range.

Disruption of foxc1 genes in zebrafish results in dosage-dependent phenotypes overlapping Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome.

The Forkhead Box C1 (FOXC1) gene encodes a forkhead/winged helix transcription factor involved in embryonic development. Mutations in this gene cause dysgenesis of the anterior segment of the eye, most commonly Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), often with other systemic features. The developmental mechanisms and pathways regulated by FOXC1 remain largely unknown.

De Novo Missense Variants in WDR37 Cause a Severe Multisystemic Syndrome.

While genetic causes are known for many syndromes involving developmental anomalies, a large number of individuals with overlapping phenotypes remain undiagnosed. Using exome-sequencing analysis and review of matchmaker databases, we have discovered four de novo missense variants predicted to affect the N-terminal region of WDR37-p.Ser119Phe, p.

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of dimethyl (1*,3a*,3a *,6a*,9*,9a*)-3a,5,6,9a-tetra-hydro-1,4,9-1,3a:6a,9-di-epoxy-phenalene-2,3-di-carboxyl-ate.

The title di-epoxy-phenalene derivative, CHO, comprises a fused cyclic system containing four five-membered rings (two di-hydro-furan and two tetra-hydro-furan) and one six-membered ring (cyclo-hexa-ne). The five-membered di-hydro-furan and tetra-hydro-furan rings adopt envelope conformations, and the six-membered cyclo-hexane ring adopts a distorted chair conformation. Two methyl carboxyl-ate groups occupy adjacent positions (2- and 3-) on a tetra-hydro-furan ring.

Three-component reaction between isatoic anhydride, amine and meth-yl-subs-tituted furyl-acryl-alde-hydes: crystal structures of 3-benzyl-2-[()-2-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)vin-yl]-2,3-di-hydro-quinazolin-4(1)-one, 3-benzyl-2-[()-2-(furan-2-yl)-1-methyl-vin-yl]-2,3-di-hydro-quinazolin-4(1)-one and 3-(furan-2-ylmeth-yl)-2-[()-2-(furan-2-yl)-1-methyl-vin-yl]-2,3-di-hydro-quinazolin-4(1)-one.

Compounds (I), CHNO, (II), CHNO and (III), CHNO are the products of three-component reactions between isatoic anhydride, the corresponding amine and 3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)- or (furan-2-yl)-2-methyl-acryl-aldehyde. Compound (I) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group 2/, while compounds (II) and (III) are isostructural and crystallize in the ortho-rhom-bic space group . The tetra-hydro-pyrimidine ring in (I)-(III) adopts a conformation.

PITX2 deficiency and associated human disease: insights from the zebrafish model.

The PITX2 (paired-like homeodomain 2) gene encodes a bicoid-like homeodomain transcription factor linked with several human disorders. The main associated congenital phenotype is Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, type 1, an autosomal dominant condition characterized by variable defects in the anterior segment of the eye, an increased risk of glaucoma, craniofacial dysmorphism and dental and umbilical anomalies; in addition to this, one report implicated PITX2 in ring dermoid of the cornea and a few others described cardiac phenotypes. We report three novel PITX2 mutations-c.

Ring-expansion synthesis and crystal structure of dimethyl 4-ethyl-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexa-hydro-azonino[5,6-]indole-2,3-di-carboxyl-ate.

The title compound, CHNO, is the product of a ring-expansion reaction from a seven-membered hexa-hydro-azepine to a nine-membered azonine. The azonine ring of the mol-ecule adopts a chair-boat conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by bifurcated N-H⋯(O,O) hydrogen bonds, generating [010] zigzag chains.

Identification of an Alu-repeat-mediated deletion of OPTN upstream region in a patient with a complex ocular phenotype.

Genetic causes of ocular conditions remain largely unknown. To reveal the molecular basis for a congenital ocular phenotype associated with glaucoma we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome copy number analyses of patient DNA. WES did not identify a causative variant.

Novel and recurrent PITX3 mutations in Belgian families with autosomal dominant congenital cataract and anterior segment dysgenesis have similar phenotypic and functional characteristics.

Background: Congenital cataracts are clinically and genetically heterogeneous with more than 45 known loci and 38 identified genes. They can occur as isolated defects or in association with anterior segment developmental anomalies. One of the disease genes for congenital cataract with or without anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) is PITX3, encoding a transcription factor with a crucial role in lens and anterior segment development.

3-Methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,1',2',3',4'-deca-hydro-spiro-[benz[f]isoquinoline-1,2'-naphthalen]-1'-one.

The title compound, C(23)H(23)NO, is the product of a tandem transformation of the double Mannich base bis-(1-oxo-1,2,3,4-tertrahydro-2-naphtho-ylmeth-yl)amine hydro-chloride in HBr solution upon heating. The tetra-hydro-pyridine ring has a non-symmetrical half-chair conformation, whereas the cyclo-hexa-diene and cyclo-hexene rings adopt non-symmetrical half-boat conformations. The dihedral angle between the planes of the terminal benzene rings is 62.

Methyl (9aR*,10S*,11R*,13aS*,13bS*)-9-oxo-6,7,9,9a,10,11-hexa-hydro-5H,13bH-11,13a-ep-oxy-pyrrolo-[2',1':3,4][1,4]diazepino[2,1-a]isoindole-10-carboxyl-ate.

The title compound, C(17)H(18)N(2)O(4), is the methyl ester of the adduct of intra-molecular Diels-Alder reaction between maleic anhydride and 1-(2-fur-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-pyrrolo-[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine. The mol-ecule comprises a fused penta-cyclic system containing four five-membered rings (viz. pyrrole, 2-pyrrolidinone, tetra-hydro-furan and dihydro-furan) and one seven-membered ring (1,4-diazepane).

MIP/Aquaporin 0 represents a direct transcriptional target of PITX3 in the developing lens.

The PITX3 bicoid-type homeodomain transcription factor plays an important role in lens development in vertebrates. PITX3 deficiency results in a spectrum of phenotypes from isolated cataracts to microphthalmia in humans, and lens degeneration in mice and zebrafish. While identification of downstream targets of PITX3 is vital for understanding the mechanisms of normal ocular development and human disease, these targets remain largely unknown.

Induction of apoptosis with cisplatin enhances calcium oxalate crystal adherence to inner medullary collecting duct cells.

Attachment of stone crystals to tubular epithelium may initiate kidney stone formation. We previously reported that apical nucleolin related protein (NRP) expression during mitosis enhance attachment of Ca oxalate monohydrate crystals (COM). Some forms of injury may also increase affinity for crystals.

Dimethyl 11,13-dimethyl-16-[1,2-bis-(methoxy-carbon-yl)ethen-yl]-12-oxo-16,17-dioxa-18-aza-hexa-cyclo-[7.5.1.1.1.1.0]octa-deca-2,7-diene-2,3-dicarboxyl-ate.

The title compound, C(27)H(29)NO(11), is a product of the tandem 'domino' Diels-Alder reaction. The mol-ecule comprises a fused hexa-cyclic system containing four five-membered rings (two dihydro-furan and two tetra-hydro-furan) in the usual envelope conformations and two six-membered rings (tetra-hydro-pyridinone and piperidine) adopting slightly flattened boat and chair conformations, respectively. The dispositions of the carboxyl-ate substituents relative to each other are determined by both steric reasons and inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonding and attractive anti-parallel C=O⋯C=O inter-actions [C⋯O = 2.

Telokin expression and the effect of hypoxia on its phosphorylation status in smooth muscle cells from small and large pulmonary arteries.

Small pulmonary arteries (SPA), <500 microm diameter of the cat, constrict when exposed to hypoxia, whereas larger arteries (large pulmonary arteries; LPA), >800 microm diameter, show little or no response. It is unknown why different contractile responses occur within the same vascular bed, but activator or repressor proteins within the smooth muscle cell (SMC) can modify myosin phosphatase and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), thereby influencing the phosphorylation state of myosin light chain (MLC) and ultimately, contraction. Telokin, a protein with a sequence identical to the COOH-terminal domain of MLCK, is expressed in smooth muscle where in its phosphorylated state it inhibits myosin phosphatase, binds to unphosphorylated myosin, and helps maintain smooth muscle relaxation.