Neurophysiological and Genetic Findings in Patients With Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy.

Objective: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive procedure, stimulates the cortex evaluating the central motor pathways. The response is called motor evoked potential (MEP). Polyphasia results when the response crosses the baseline more than twice (zero crossing).

Functional brain networks of patients with epilepsy exhibit pronounced multiscale periodicities, which correlate with seizure onset.

Epileptic seizure detection and prediction by using noninvasive measurements such as scalp EEG signals or invasive, intracranial recordings, has been at the heart of epilepsy studies for at least three decades. To this end, the most common approach has been to consider short-length recordings (several seconds to a few minutes) around a seizure, aiming to identify significant changes that occur before or during seizures. An inherent assumption in this approach is the presence of a relatively constant EEG activity in the interictal period, which is interrupted by seizure occurrence.

Graph Theoretical Characteristics of EEG-Based Functional Brain Networks in Patients With Epilepsy: The Effect of Reference Choice and Volume Conduction.

It is well-established that both volume conduction and the choice of recording reference (montage) affect the correlation measures obtained from scalp EEG, both in the time and frequency domains. As a result, a number of correlation measures have been proposed aiming to reduce these effects. In our previous work, we have showed that scalp-EEG based functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy exhibit clear periodic patterns at different time scales and that these patterns are strongly correlated to seizure onset, particularly at shorter time scales (around 3 and 5 h), which has important clinical implications.

Unsupervised detection and removal of muscle artifacts from scalp EEG recordings using canonical correlation analysis, wavelets and random forests.

Objective: This paper proposes supervised and unsupervised algorithms for automatic muscle artifact detection and removal from long-term EEG recordings, which combine canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and wavelets with random forests (RF).

Methods: The proposed algorithms first perform CCA and continuous wavelet transform of the canonical components to generate a number of features which include component autocorrelation values and wavelet coefficient magnitude values. A subset of the most important features is subsequently selected using RF and labelled observations (supervised case) or synthetic data constructed from the original observations (unsupervised case).

Epileptic seizure onset correlates with long term EEG functional brain network properties.

We investigated the correlation of epileptic seizure onset times with long term EEG functional brain network properties. To do so, we constructed binary functional brain networks from long-term, multichannel electroencephalographic data recorded from nine patients with epilepsy. The corresponding network properties were quantified using the average network degree.

Automatic detection and removal of muscle artifacts from scalp EEG recordings in patients with epilepsy.

Automatic detection and removal of muscle artifacts plays an important role in long-term scalp electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, and muscle artifact detection algorithms have been intensively investigated. This paper proposes an algorithm for automatic muscle artifacts detection and removal using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and wavelet transform (WT) in epochs from long-term EEG recordings. The proposed method first performs CCA analysis and then conducts wavelet decomposition on the canonical components within a specific frequency range and selects a subset of the wavelet coefficients for subsequent processing.

Periodicity in functional brain networks: application to scalp EEG from epilepsy patients.

Seizure detection and prediction studies using scalp- or intracranial-EEG measurements often focus on short-length recordings around the occurrence of the seizure, normally ranging between several seconds and up to a few minutes before and after the event. The underlying assumption in these studies is the presence of a relatively constant EEG activity in the interictal period, that is presumably interrupted by the occurrence of a seizure, at the time the seizure starts or slightly earlier. In this study, we put this assumption under test, by examining long-duration scalp EEG recordings, ranging between 22 and 72 hours, of five patients with epilepsy.

Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in cerebellar lesions.

Introduction: Reports about cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) in central nervous system lesions are scarce. Our experience with cerebellar lesions is still evolving, with only a few cases published. The purpose of this article is to present our cVEMP findings of 3 cases with cerebellar lesions.

International guidelines for the clinical application of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: an expert consensus report.

Background: Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are electromyogram responses evoked by high-level acoustic stimuli recorded from the tonically contracting sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle, and have been accepted as a measure of saccular and inferior vestibular nerve function. As more laboratories are publishing cVEMP data, there is a wider range of recording methods and interpretation, which may be confusing and limit comparisons across laboratories.

Objective: To recommend minimum requirements and guidelines for the recording and interpretation of cVEMPs in the clinic and for diagnostic purposes.