Predicting outcome in liver patients admitted to intensive care: A dual-centre non-specialist hospital external validation of the Liver injury and Failure evaluation score.

Background: Acute hepatic dysfunction in the critically ill population with pre-existing liver cirrhosis is associated with a high mortality. Several prediction models have been developed to risk stratify patients with liver disease.

Methods: This UK dual-centre non-specialist hospital retrospective study (2015-2019) externally validated the Liver injury and Failure evaluation score (incorporating lactate, bilirubin and International Normalised Ratio), alongside two other general intensive care unit prediction models (Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II).

Pre-hospital transfusion of packed red blood cells in 147 patients from a UK helicopter emergency medical service.

Background: Early transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBC) has been associated with improved survival in patients with haemorrhagic shock. This study aims to describe the characteristics of patients receiving pre-hospital blood transfusion and evaluate their subsequent need for in-hospital transfusion and surgery.

Methods: The decision to administer a pre-hospital PRBC transfusion was based on clinical judgment.