The reliability of video fluoroscopy, ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and radiography for measurements of lumbar spine segmental range of motion in-vivo: A review.

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a principal cause of disability worldwide and is associated with a variety of spinal conditions. Individuals presenting with LBP may display changes in spinal motion. Despite this, the ability to measure lumbar segmental range of motion (ROM) non-invasively remains a challenge.