Treatment continuation with cladribine at 5 years after initiation in people with multiple sclerosis: A case series and literature review.

Background: Cladribine is an oral disease-modifying drug approved for the treatment of highly active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). The recommended number of treatment courses is two, with the courses given 1 year apart (i.e.

Elevated urinary excretion of aluminium and iron in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system of as yet unknown aetiology. A consensus of opinion has suggested that the disorder is the result of an interplay between environmental factors and susceptibility genes. We have used a battery of analytical techniques to determine if the urinary excretion of i) markers of oxidative damage; ii) iron and iii) the environmental toxin aluminium and its antagonist, silicon, are altered in relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS).

Rapidly progressive bilateral ophthalmoplegia and enlarging sellar mass caused by amelanotic melanoma.

A 63-year-old woman with diplopia and bilateral ptosis underwent brain MRI that showed a pituitary mass with signal characteristics suggestive of adenoma. Within one week she had developed nearly complete bilateral ophthalmoplegia. A repeat MRI showed extension of the mass into both cavernous sinuses.