Seascape genomics of coastal bottlenose dolphins along strong gradients of temperature and salinity.

Heterogeneous seascapes and strong environmental gradients in coastal waters are expected to influence adaptive divergence, particularly in species with large population sizes where selection is expected to be highly efficient. However, these influences might also extend to species characterized by strong social structure, natal philopatry and small home ranges. We implemented a seascape genomic study to test this hypothesis in Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) distributed along the environmentally heterogeneous coast of southern Australia.

Airflow and patient-perceived improvement following rhinoplastic correction of external nasal valve dysfunction.

Importance: External nasal valve dysfunction (ENVD) is a common cause of nasal obstruction. Although many techniques are described to help correct ENVD, evidence of the objective changes in the airway achieved by these interventions is mainly unknown.

Objective: To document the airway changes in patients with ENVD by comparing subjective and objective measures obtained before and after rhinoplasty.

Osteitis is a misnomer: a histopathology study in primary chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: The histological features of osteitis in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in animal studies induced by bacterial inoculation into maxillary sinuses revealed inflammatory involvement of the underlying bone matrix and/or the Haversian system; however, human studies do not mention these findings. The objective of this study was to investigate the inflammatory characterization of osteitis in CRS.

Method: A prospective study of primary CRS patients undergoing sinus surgery was conducted (August 2012 to April 2013).

The impact of culturable bacterial community on histopathology in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: The influence of the microbial community on inflammatory subtype in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been proposed. Superantigen mechanisms potentially create a T helper 2 (Th-2)/eosinophilic dominated inflammation as a product of local flora rather than an intrinsic mucosal process. The associations between culturable bacteria and the histopathology and clinical features of CRS patients are described.

Corticosteroid nasal irrigations after endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Inflammatory dysfunction is considered an important part of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Corticosteroid therapy has been widely used in CRS. Effective topical delivery has been previously problematic.

Structured histopathology profiling of chronic rhinosinusitis in routine practice.

Background: Tissue eosinophilia in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a marker of inflammatory disorders recalcitrant to surgical intervention. Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is traditionally associated with asthma, polyps, aspirin sensitivity, high serum eosinophilia, and elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE). However, patients with ECRS may not present with these associations and there is a need to establish other surrogate markers.

Antigen selection in IgE antibodies from individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

Background: It is generally assumed that all immunoglobulin isotopes develop under antigen selection pressure, leading to dramatic increases in antigen-binding affinity. As activated B cells proliferate, somatic mutations accumulate in the regions of the immunoglobulin gene associated with antigen binding. Emerging evidence from studies investigating mutations in variable region sequences of IgE antibodies suggest that IgE may develop under less selection pressure than other isotypes.

Local and systemic IgE in the evaluation and treatment of allergy.

Traditional descriptions of type I hypersensitivity and its manifestations center on systemic immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated reactions to inciting antigens. Hence, many current diagnostic and therapeutic measures are based on systemic skin testing for allergy, systemic pharmacotherapy, and immunotherapy. Recent developments in rhinology and pulmonology, particularly in defining the phenomenon of local IgE production in various airway inflammatory conditions, have an impact on both medical and surgical diagnosis and management of these conditions.