Both α-1-antitrypsin Z phenotypes and low caeruloplasmin levels are over-represented in alcohol and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplant in Ireland.

Objectives: Alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are steatotic liver diseases and major causes of cirrhosis. Only a minority of patients with risk factors develop cirrhosis and genetic cofactors may be important in pathogenesis. Mutations in the Wilson's and α-1-antitrypsin genes are not uncommon and we speculated that they may act as cofactors.

Spatial and Temporal Clustering of Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease.

Background And Objectives: An environmental trigger has been proposed as an inciting factor in the development of anti-GBM disease. This multicenter, observational study sought to define the national incidence of anti-GBM disease during an 11-year period (2003-2014) in Ireland, investigate clustering of cases in time and space, and assess the effect of spatial variability in incidence on outcome.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We ascertained cases by screening immunology laboratories for instances of positivity for anti-GBM antibody and the national renal histopathology registry for biopsy-proven cases.