Barriers to help-seeking among intimate partner violence survivors with opioid use disorder.

Intimate partner violence is common among people with opioid use disorder (OUD), but little research has focussed on identifying barriers survivors with OUD face when trying to leave an abusive relationship. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 postpartum women with OUD. Interview questions were designed to identify barriers to help-seeking and facilitators and supports that have helped survivors make positive changes.

Probiotics, prebiotics and immunomodulation of gut mucosal defences: homeostasis and immunopathology.

Probiotics are beneficial microbes that confer a realistic health benefit on the host, which in combination with prebiotics, (indigestible dietary fibre/carbohydrate), also confer a health benefit on the host via products resulting from anaerobic fermentation. There is a growing body of evidence documenting the immune-modulatory ability of probiotic bacteria, it is therefore reasonable to suggest that this is potentiated via a combination of prebiotics and probiotics as a symbiotic mix. The need for probiotic formulations has been appreciated for the health benefits in "topping up your good bacteria" or indeed in an attempt to normalise the dysbiotic microbiota associated with immunopathology.